Modern Crystallography II, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1982 Structure of Crystals Coll. Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences, Vol. 21

Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. Crystallographic methods, pri­ marily x-ray diffraction analysis, penetrated into materials sciences, mol­ ecular physics, and chemistry, and also into many other branches of science. Later, electron and neutron diffraction structure analyses be­ came important since they not only complement x-ray data, but also supply new information on the atomic and the real structure of crystals. Electron microscopy and other modern methods of investigating mat­ ter-optical, electronic paramagnetic, nuclear magnetic, and other res­ onance techniques-yield a large amount of information on the atomic, electronic, and real crystal structures. Crystal physics has also undergone vigorous development. Many re­ markable phenomena have been discovered in crystals and then found various practical applications. Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog­ raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth (which brought crystallography closer to thermodynamics and physical chem­ istry) and the development of the various methods of growing synthetic crystals dictated by practical needs. Man-made crystals became increas­ ingly important for physical investigations, and they rapidly invaded technology. The production of synthetic crystals made a tremendous impact on the traditional branches: the mechanical treatment of mate­ rials, precision instrument making, and the jewelry industry.

1. Principles of Formation of the Atomic Structure of Crystals.- 1.1 The Structure of Atoms.- 1.2 Chemical Bonding Between Atoms.- 1.3 Energy of the Crystal Lattice.- 1.4 Crystallochemical Radii Systems.- 1.5 Geometric Regularities in the Atomic Structure of Crystals.- 1.6 Solid Solutions and Isomorphism.- 2. Principal Types of Crystal Structures.- 2.1 Crystal Structures of Elements.- 2.2 Intermetallic Structures.- 2.3 Structures with Bonds of Ionic Nature.- 2.4 Covalent Structures.- 2.5 Structure of Complex and Related Compounds.- 2.6 Principles of Organic Crystal Chemistry.- 2.7 Structure of High-Polymer Substances.- 2.8 Structure of Liquid Crystals.- 2.9 Structures of Substances of Biological Origin.- 3. Band Energy Structure of Crystals.- 3.1 Electron Motion in the Ideal Crystal.- 3.2 Brillouin Zones.- 3.3 Isoenergetic Surfaces. Fermi Surface and Band Structure.- 4. Lattice Dynamics and Phase Transitions.- 4.1 Atomic Vibrations in a Crystal.- 4.2 Heat Capacity, Thermal Expansion, and Thermal Conductivity of Crystals.- 4.3 Polymorphism. Phase Transitions.- 4.4 Atomic Vibrations and Polymorphous Transitions.- 4.5 Ordering-Type Phase Transitions.- 4.6 Phase Transitions and Electron—Phonon Interaction.- 4.7 Debye’s Equation of State and Grüneisen’s Formula.- 4.8 Phase Transitions and Crystal Symmetry.- 5. The Structure of Real Crystals.- 5.1 Classification of Crystal Lattice Defects.- 5.2 Point Defects of the Crystal Lattice.- 5.3 Dislocations.- 5.4 Stacking Faults and Partial Dislocations.- 5.5 Continuum Description of Dislocations.- 5.6 Subgrain Boundaries (Mosaic Structures) in Crystals.- 5.6 3 Subgrain Boundary Energy.- 5.7 Twins.- 5.8 Direct Observation of Lattice Defects.- References.