Mitochondria, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1982 Basic Life Sciences Series

In writing this book, I found the choice of a suitable title to be a most vexing problem. Lehninger's excellent earlier monograph The Mitochondrion had already appropriated in the domain of library cards what appeared to be the most fitting description of the subject matter. Once the text was completed, however, it became obvious that pluralization was the simplest solution to this dilemma. Variations in the structure and function of this organelle and recent discoveries of the phylogenetic diversity in the organization and genetic con­ tent of its DNA all seemed to justify the idea that there are as many different mitochondria as there are mitochondriologists. Even though my initial intention was to provide advanced undergraduate and graduate students of cell biology with supplemental reading material on topics usually dealt with in a cursory manner by most standard texts, inevitably the scope was broadened to attract the interest of more seasoned readers who might be familiar with some but not other areas of mitochondrial studies. Con­ sistent with the original aim, literature citations have been kept to a minimum and are avoided in the main body of the text for purposes of readability.

1 Evolution of Mitochondrial Studies.- I. Early Cytological Studies (1850–1900).- II. Early Studies of Biological Oxidation Reactions (1900–1940).- III. Identification of Mitochondria as Centers of Energy Metabolism (1940–1950).- IV. Gross and Fine Structure of Mitochondria.- V. Electron Transfer.- VI. Oxidative Phosphorylation.- VII. Biogenesis and Genetics of Mitochondria.- Selected Readings.- 2 Mitochondrial Structure and Compartmentalization.- I. Gross Morphology of Mitochondria.- II. Subfractionation of Mitochondria.- III. Distribution of Mitochondrial Enzymes.- IV. Composition of the Inner and Outer Membranes.- V. Current Views on the Structure of Biological Membranes.- VI. Fine Structure of Mitochondrial Membranes.- Selected Readings.- 3 Oxidative Pathways of Mitochondria.- I. Conversion of Pyruvic Acid to Acetyl-CoA.- II. ?-Oxidation of Fatty Acids.- III. Utilization of Ketone Bodies.- IV. Metabolism of Amino Acids.- V. Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle.- VI. Yield of ATP from the Aerobic Oxidation of Glucose.- Selected Readings.- 4 The Electron Transfer Chain.- I. Carriers of the Electron Transfer Chain.- II. Redox Potentials of the Electron Transfer Chain Carriers.- III. Sequence of Electron Transfer Carriers Based on their Rates of Oxidation and Reduction.- IV. Inhibitors of Electron Transfer.- V. Properties of the Respiratory Complexes.- VI. Stoichiometry of the Electron Transfer Carriers.- VII. Other Respiratory Chain-Linked Dehydrogenases.- Selected Readings.- 5 Cytochrome Oxidase: Model of a Membrane Enzyme.- I. Purification and Assay of Cytochrome Oxidase.- II. Structure of Cytochrome Oxidase.- III. Formation of Cytochrome Oxidase Membranes.- IV. Shape of Cytochrome Oxidase.- V. Phospholipid Activation of Enzymatic Activity.- VI. Mechanism of Catalysis.-Selected Readings.- 6 Oxidative Phosphorylation.- I. The Concept of Coupling.- II. Uncouplers and Inhibitors of Oxidative Phosphorylation.- III. Efficiency of Phosphorylation.- IV. Phosphorylation Sites.- V. Evidence for the Existence of a Nonphosphorylated Intermediate.- VI. Partial Reactions of Oxidative Phosphorylation.- VII. Role of Structure in Oxidative Phosphorylation.- VIII. Current Theories of the Coupling Mechanism.- Selected Readings.- 7 The Mitochondrial Adenosine Triphosphatase.- I. Purification and Properties of the ATPase Complex.- II. Functional Components of the ATPase Complex.- III. Ultrastructure of the ATPase.- IV. Catalytic Mechanism of the ATPase.- V. Coupling Factor Activity of ATPase Components.- Selected Readings.- 8 Resolution and Reconstitution of Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation.- I. Electron Transport Chain.- II. Reconstitution of the Electron Transfer Complexes.- III. Resolution of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Submitochondrial Particles.- IV. Reconstitution of a Coupled ATPase Membrane.- V. Reconstitution of Coupled Electron Transport Membranes.- VI. Reconstitution of Oxidative Phosphorylation.- Selected Readings.- 9 Mitochondrial Transport Systems.- I. Some General Considerations of How Molecules Cross Biological Membranes.- II. Methodology for Studying Mitochondrial Transport.- III. Passive Diffusion of Gases and Water.- IV. Mechanisms of Substrate Transport in Mitochondria.- V. Transport of Specific Substrates.- VI. Substrate Transport and Coordination of Mitochondrial and Cytoplasmic Metabolism.- VII. Metal Transport.- Selected Readings.- 10 Mitochondrial Biogenesis.- I. Mitochondrial Continuity.- II. Components of the Mitochondrial Translation Machinery.- III. Mitochondrial Protein Synthesis.- IV. Phospholipid Biosynthesis.- V. Nuclear Gene Products.- VI. Transport of Proteins into Mitochondria.- VII. Biosynthesis of Inner Membrane Enzymes.- Selected Readings.- 11 Mitochondrial Genetics.- I. Mitochondrial DNA.- II. Life Cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- III. Genetic Criteria for Distinguishing Nuclear and Mitochondrial Mutations.- IV. Mitochondrial Genes and Mutants.- V. Genetic Methods for Mapping Mitochondrial Mutations.- VI. Physical Mapping of Mitochondrial Genes.- VII. Sequencing of Mitochondrial DNA.- VIII. Transcription of mtDNA and Processing of RNA.- IX. Evolution of Mitochondria.- Selected Readings.