Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis, 2009 Liver Cancer Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy and Prognosis Series, Vol. 5

This volume presents a detailed survey of imaging, multidetector-row computed t- various methodologies related to diagno- ography, helical computed tomography, sis, therapy, and prognosis of liver cancer, ultrasonography, and power Doppler ult- including colorectal liver metastases and sound, for the prognosis and assessment of biliary tract carcinomas, while the already liver cancer treatment (including HCC) and published Volumes 1, 2, 3, and 4 detail liver metastases from colorectal cancer are similar aspects of breast, lung, prostate, discussed in detail, as is the use of radiof- gastrointestinal, and colorectal cancer, quency ablation in hepatic tumors. respectively. Approximately 50% of colorectal cancer Surgical resection is the standard therapy (CRC) patients develop liver metastases for resectable liver disease, resulting in during the course of their disease, and 5-year overall survival rates of 20?40%. more than 50% of patients who die of CRC One the other hand, the median overall have liver metastases at autopsy. Regional survival of patients with unresectable liver lymph node (RLN) involvement in patients metastases does not exceed 18?20 months, with colorectal liver metastases is one with a 5-year survival rate approaching of the worst prognostic factors. Recent zero. In other words, there is virtually no studies indicate that for these patients, long-term survival. Both resectable and combined liver resection and pedicular unresectable liver cancers are discussed lymphadenectomy can be recommended, in this volume. The method of selecting when RLN metastases respond to p- patients for resection of hepatic colorectal operative chemotherapy.

DIAGNOSIS 1. APPLICATIONS OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY IN LIVER IMAGING: AN OVERVIEW; Amir. H. Khandani INTRODUCTION METASTATIC LIVER DISEASE CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA GALL BLADDER CARCINOMA HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA THERAPY MONITORING REFERENCES 2. LOCALIZED FIBROUS TUMOR OF THE LIVER: IMAGING FEATURES; Thomas Moser and Tereza S. Nogueira INTRODUCTION METHODS AND DISCUSSION REFERENCES 3. A RADIAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METHOD FOR IMAGING ABDOMINAL NEOPLASMS; Maria I. Altbach INTRODUCTION TECHNIQUES FOR T2-WEIGHTED IMAGING LESION CHARACTERIZATION WITH T2-WEIGHTED IMAGING RADIAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING METHODS: AN ALTERNATIVE FOR REDUCING MOTION ARTIFACTS AND IMPROVING IMAGE QUALITY RADIAL FAST SPIN-ECHO, A NEW ALTERNATIVE FOR T2 MAPPING OF THE LIVER CONCLUSION REFERENCES 4. LIVER: HELICAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; Yuji Baba, Yasuyuki Yamashita, Kazuo Awai and Koichi Kawanaka INTRODUCTION DYNAMIC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY USING MULTIDETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Tumors Arising in Liver Cirrhosis Tumor Arising in Noncirrhotic Liver or in Oncologic Patients COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY Computed Tomography During Arterial Protography Computed Tomography During Hepatic Angiography MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Supraparamagnetic Iron Oxide REFERENCES RESECTABLE LIVER CANCER DIAGNOSIS 5. SELECTION OF PATIENTS FOR RESECTION OF HEPATIC COLORECTAL METASTASES: 18F- FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE/POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; Rebecca Auer and Yuman Fong INTRODUCTION POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCANNING AS A STAGING MODALITY TO COMPLEMENT CONVENTIONAL IMAGING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCAN FOR THE DETECTION OF EXTRAHEPATIC DISEASE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCAN FOR THE DETECTION OF INTRAHEPATIC DISEASE VALUE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) CORRELATED TO PROGNOSTIC CLINICAL RISK SCORE (CRS) POSITIVE IMPACT OF POSITRON EMISSION (PET) ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER METASTASES NEGATIVE IMPACT OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) ON THE MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH LIVER METASTASES OUTCOME OF PATIENTS SELECTED FOR HEPATIC RESECTION FOLLOWING [18F]FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE-POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (FDG-PET) STANDARD UPTAKE (SUV) AND PREDICTING PROGNOSIS OR RESPONSE TO THERAPY POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCANNING FOR SURVEILLANCE AND FOLLOW-UP THE ROLE OF POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPGY (PET) IN FOLLOW-UP POST HEPATIC RESECTION ALGORITHM TO INCLUDE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) SCANNING IN WORK-UP OF HEPATIC COLORECTAL METASTASES REFERENCES TREATMENT 6. ULTRASONOGRAPHY DURING LIVER SURGERY; Guido Torzilli INTRODUCTION HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA COLORECTAL CANCER LIVER METASTASES Tumor Location Resection Guidance and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Systematic Segmentectomy Puncture of the Portal Branch Hooking of the Portal Branch Comparison of the Portal Branch Limited Resection Parenchymal Dissection Postresectional Control LIVER METASTASES Definition of the Resection Area Liver Dissection and Postresectional Control REFERENCES UNRESECTABLE LIVER CANCER TREATMENT 7. INTRAOPERATIVE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING FOR RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF HEPATIC TUMORS; Oliver F. Bathe and Houman Mahallati INTRODUCTION RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION AS A TREATMENT FOR LIVER TUMORS