Magnesium Technology 2013, 1st ed. 2016 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series

The Magnesium Technology Symposium, the event on which this volume is based, is one of the largest yearly gatherings of magnesium experts in the world. Papers reflect all aspects of the field including primary production to applications, recycling, basic research findings, and industrialization. Readers will find broad coverage of current topics, including alloys and their properties, cast products and processing, wrought products and processing, corrosion and surface finishing, ecology, and more. New and emerging applications in such areas as hydrogen storage are also examined.

Preface xi About the Editor xiii About the Organizers xiv Session Chairs xvii Magnesium Technology 2013 Plenary A Brief History of the Development of Grain Refinement Technology for Cast Magnesium Alloys 3 D. StJohn, P. Cao, M. Qian, and M. Easton Creep Compressive Creep Properties of Wrought High Temperature Magnesium Alloys in Axial and Transverse Orientation– A Neutron Diffraction Study 11 D. Sediako, L. Bichler, M. van Hanegem, and S. Shook Creep Behaviour of Mg Binary Solid Solutions 17 S. Abaspour, and C. Caceres Influence of Yttrium on Creep Behavior in Nano–Crystalline Magnesium Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation 21 M. Bhatia, and K. Solanki Aging Behavior and Microstructural Evolution in Mg–3Nd–0.2Zn–0.5Zr Alloy 27 A. Zadeh, X. Xia, A. Luo, J. Jakes, and D. Stone Cast Materials FE Modelling of Tensile and Impact Behaviours of Squeeze Cast Magnesium Alloy AM60 35 S. DiCecco, W. Altenhof, and H. Hu High Temperature Deformation of Magnesium Alloy TX32–0.4Al–0.8Si 41 C. Dharmendra, K. Rao, N. Hort, and K. Kainer Primary Production and Shaping Doing Projects in a Foreign Language – Communications Management, Issues and Strategies 49 D. Xian Impact of Site Elevation on Mg Smelter Design 55 P. Baker Purification of Highly Contaminated Magnesium Melt 59 B. Moon, B. You, and K. Koh Selective Laser Melting of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys 65 M. Gieseke, C. Noelke, S. Kaierle, V. Westing, and H. Haferkamp Evolution of the Magnetherm Magnesium Reduction Process 69 J. Sever, andM. Bal lain Research on New Type Materials Preparation for Magnesium Production by Silicothermic Process 75 M. Wen, T. Zhang, Z. Dou, X. Ren, R. Zhang, and L. Zhou Texture and Twinning Effect of Grain Size and Basal Texture on Tensile Properties and Fracture Characteristics of Extruded AZ31 Alloy 83 H. Chen, T. Lui, and L. Chen Interaction between a Mg17Al12 Precipitate and {1012} Twin Boundary in Magnesium Alloys 89 B. Li, and S. Mathaudhu Microstructure and Texture Evolution in a Magnesium Alloy during Extrusion at Various Extrusion Speeds 95 Q. Ma, S. Horstemeyer, B. Li, Z. McClelland, P. Wang, andM. Horstemeyer The Texture and Microstructure Evolution of Mg–Zn–Ce Alloys 101 M. Sanjari, A. Farzadfar, T. Sakai, H. Utsunomiya, E. Essadiqi, L Jung, and S. Yue Twin Boundary Migration Creating Zero Shear Strain: In–Situ TEM Observations and Atomistic Simulations 107 B. Liu, B. Li, and Z. Shan Microstructure Characterization of Weakly Textured and Fine Grained AZ61 Sheet 113 T. Berman, W. Donlon, C. Hung, P. Milligan, R. Decker, T. Pollock, and J. Jones Wrought Materials I Flow Behavior and Hot Workability of Pre–Extruded AZ80 Magnesium Alloy 121 L. Gao, A. Luo, S. Wang, and X. Zeng Inverse Strain Rate Sensitivity of Bendability of an AZ31 Sheet in Three–Point Bending 127 B. Li, S. Horstemeyer, A. Oppedal, P. Wang, and M. Horstemeyer Annealing of Cold and Warm Rolled AZ3 IB Magnesium Alloy Sheets 133 L. Catorceno, and D. Lopes Gas–Pressure Bulge Forming of MgAZ31 Sheet at 450°,C 139 A. Carpenter, J. Carter, L. Hector Jr., and E. Taleff Corrosion I Efficiency of a New Hexavalent Chromium–Free Chemical Pickling Process Based on Organic and Inorganic Acids on Magnesium Alloys Mg–Y–RE–Zr and Mg–Zn–RE–Zr 147 H. Ardelean, A. Seyeux, S. Zanna, P. Marcus, S. Pettier, N. Le Pottier, and D. Lecuru Galvanic Corrosion of Mg–Zr Alloy and Steel or Graphite in Mineral Binders 153 D. Lambertin, A. Rooses, and F. Frizon The Influence of Mg–Zr Master Alloy Microstructure on the Corrosion of Mg 157 D. Gandel, M. Easton, M. Gibson, T. Abbott, and N. Birbilis The Use of AC–DC–AC Methods in Assessing Corrosion Resistance Performance of Coating Systems for Magnesium Alloys 163 R. McCune, V. Upadhyay, Y. Wang, and D. Battocchi Corrosion Behavior of Cerium–Based Conversion Coatings on Magnesium Alloys Exposed to Ambient Conditions 169 C. Castano, S. Maddela, and M. O′Keefe Nanostructured Materials Thermal Stability of Ultra–Fine Grained Magnesium Alloy Processed by Extrusion and ECAP 175 J. Vratna, and M. Janecek Corrosion II Formation of Vanadate Conversion Coating on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy 183 S. Salman, K. Kuroda, and M. Okido Joining and Friction Processing Micro structure Modification and Performance Improvement of Mg–RE Alloys by Friction Stir Processing 191 Y. Wu, L. Peng, F. Zheng, X. Li, D. Li, and W. Ding A Multi–Stage Approach for Predicting Fatigue Damage in Friction Stir Spot Welded Joints of Mg AZ31 Alloy 197 H. Rao, and J. Jordon Wrought Materials II Recrystallization Behavior of a MgAlCa Alloy during Thermomechanical Processing and Subsequent Heat Treatment 205 V. Miller, and T. Pollock The Influence of Deformation Mechanisms on Rupture of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Elevated Temperatures 211 A. Antoniswamy, A. Carpenter, J. Carter, L. Hector, and E. Taleff Effect of the Extrusion Conditions on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Indirect Extruded Mg–Zn–Y Alloy with LPSO Phase 217 J. Kim, and Y. Kawamura Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Deformation Behavior of CaO Added Mg–6Zn–1.2Y Sheets 221 H. Lim, Y. Yoon, and S. Kim Phase Formation Bounds to Hardening by Solid Solution, Precipitation and Short Range Order in Mg Binary Alloys 227 C. Caceres, and S. Abaspour A New Magnesium Alloy System: TEXAS 231 B. Wiese, C. Menais, C. Blawert, E. Nyberg, K Kainer, and N. Hort Effect of Sn Additions on the Age Hardening Response, Microstructures and Corrosion Resistance of Mg–0.8Ca (wt%) Alloys 237 C. Menais, D. Tolnai, C. Blawert, and N. Hort Thermodynamics of Phase Formation in Mg–La–Ce–Nd Alloys 243 R. Schmid–Fetzer, J. Grobner, A. Kozlov, M. Hampl, M. Easton, S. Zhu, M. Gibson, and J. Nie Phase Stability Investigation of the Mg–Zn–Sm System 249 X. Xia, A. Zadeh, C. Zhang, X. Zeng, D. Stone, and A. Luo In Situ Synchrotron Diffraction of the Solidification of Mg–RE Alloys 253 D. Tolnai, C. Menais, A. Stark, G. Szakacs, B. Wiese, K. Kainer, and N. Hort Nucleation Kinetics of the ã,–Phase inaBinary Mg–Al Alloy 259 M. Lalpoor, J. Dzwonczyk, N. Hort, and S. Offerman Solidification Computational Multi–Scale Modeling of the Microstructure and Segregation of Cast Mg Alloys at Low Superheat 265 L. Nastac, and N. El–Kaddah Effect of Casting Defects Distribution on the Beginning of Tensile Fracture in Semi–Solid Injected Magnesium AZ91D Alloy 271 Y. Murakami, K. Miwa, N. Kanetake, and S. Tada Effect of Inoculation Method of Refiner on the Grain Refinement of AZ91 Alloy 275 J. Bae, Y. Kim, C. Yim, H Kim, and B. You Nanocomposites and Metal Matrix Composites Nanoparticle Addition to Enhance the Mechanical Response of Magnesium Alloys Including Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms 283 M. Paramsothy, and M. Gupta Properties of Extruded Disintegrable Metal Composites 289 B. Salinas, Z. Xu, and J. Welch Effect of Fiber Volume Fractions on Corrosion Resistance of Mg AM60 Alloy–based Composites in NaCl Solutions 293 X. Zhang, X. Niu, and H. Hu Synthesis of Disintegrable Metal Composite for Oilfield Applications 299 Z. Zhang, B. Salinas, C. Newman, and Z. Xu Wrought Materials III Effect of Precipitation on Dynamically Recrystallized Grain Size in a Magnesium Alloy 307 A. Kabir, J. Su, I. Jung, and S. Yue Texture Development in an Extruded Magnesium Alloy during Compression along the Transverse Direction 313 D. Sarker, and D. Chen Evolution of Microstructure during Caliber Rolling of AZ31 Alloy 317 A. Singh, H. Somekawa, T. Inoue, and T. Mukai Increasing Volume Fraction of Precipitates and Strength of a Mg–Zn–Y Alloy by Pre–Aging Deformation 323 J. Rosalie, H. Somekawa, A. Singh, and T. Mukai Mapping the Mechanical Properties of Alloyed Magnesium (AZ 61) 329 J. Hay, and P. Agee Microstructure Effects of Alloying Elements and Cooling Rate on Morphology of Phases in CaO Added Mg–Al–Si Alloys 335 Y. Jung, H Lim, Y. Yoon, S. Kim, and D. Kim Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Die Cast Magnesium–Aluminum–Tin Alloys 341 A. Luo, P. Fu, X. Zeng, L. Peng, B. Hu, and A. Sachdev Study on Micro structure and Mechanical Property of Squeeze Casting AZ9 ID Magnesium Alloy 347 Y. Li, Z. Han, A. Luo, A. Sachdev, and B. Liu Tailoring Precipitates in Mg–6Zn–2Gd Based Alloy Subjected to High Pressure Torsion 351 J. Li, and P. Schumacher Microstructure and Phase Evolution in Mg–Gd and Mg–Gd–Nd Alloys with Additions of Zn, Y and Zr 357 S. Khawaled, M. Bamberger, and A. Katsman Twin Roll Casting Influence of Temperature and Rolling Speed on Twin Roll Cast Strip 365 G. Kurz, J. Bohlen, L. Stutz, D. Letzig, and K Kainer Mathematical Modeling of the Effect of Roll Diameter on the Thermo –Mechanical Behavior of Twin Roll Cast AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Strips 371 A. Hadadzadeh, and M. Wells Author Index 377 Subject Index 379

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