Koss's Cytology of the Urinary Tract with Histopathologic Correlations, 2012

This new volume fills the gap in the literature as it will guide urologists and pathologists in the proper utilization of a variety of laboratory methods that are currently available to determine the presence, persistence or progression of tumors of the lower urinary tract. The volume emphasizes cytology of the urinary tract which is preferred over other methods (i.e. biochemical, immunological and cytogenetic) for its accuracy, especially for the important high grade tumors. This volume will appeal to urologists as well as pathologists, cytopathologists and related professions. The illustrations, nearly all in color, stress the key points of the text and enhance basic understanding of urothelial and other tumors of the urinary tract.

Chapter 1- Introduction

Chapter 2- Indication, Collection and Laboratory Processing of Cytologic Samples

Principal Indication

Collection Techniques

Laboratory Processing of Samples

Suggested Reading

Chapter 3- The Cellular and Acellular Components of the Urinary Sediment

Normal Urothelium (Transitional Epithelium) and Its Cells

Other Benign Cells

Noncellular Components of the Urinary Sediment

Suggested Reading

Chapter 4- The Cytologic Makeup of the Urinary Sediment According to the Collection Technique

Voided urine

Cytologic Makeup of Bladder Washings

Cytologic Makeup of Normal Specimens Obtained by Retrograde Catheterization

Cytologic Makeup of Smears Obtained by Brushing

Cytologic Makeup of Ileal Bladder Urine

Chapter 5- Cytologic Manifestations of Benign Disorders Affecting Cells of the

Lower Urinary Tract

Inflammatory disorders

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4- The Cytologic Makeup of the Urinary Sediment According to the Collection Technique

Voided urine

Cytologic Makeup of Bladder Washings

Cytologic Makeup of Normal Specimens Obtained by Retrograde Catheterization

Cytologic Makeup of Smears Obtained by Brushing

Cytologic Makeup of Ileal Bladder Urine

Chapter 5- Cytologic Manifestations of Benign Disorders Affecting Cells of the

Lower Urinary Tract

Inflammatory disorders

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References

Chapter 4- The Cytologic Makeup of the Urinary Sediment According to the Collection Technique

Voided urine

Cytologic Makeup of Bladder Washings

Cytologic Makeup of Normal Specimens Obtained by Retrograde Catheterization

Cytologic Makeup of Smears Obtained by Brushing

Cytologic Makeup of Ileal Bladder Urine

Chapter 5- Cytologic Manifestations of Benign Disorders Affecting Cells of the

Lower Urinary Tract

Inflammatory disorders

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References

Cellular inclusions not due to viral agents

Trematodes and other parasites

Lithiasis

Leukoplakia

Effect of Drugs

Effects of radiotherapy

Monitoring of renal transplant patients

Urinary Cytology in Renal Transplant Patients

Rare benign conditions

Suggested Reading

Chapter 6- Tumors of the Bladder

Non-Neoplastic Changes

Hyperplasia

Inverted papilloma

Urothelial (Transitional) Cell Tumors

Epidemiology

Classification and natural history

Types of Urothelial Tumors

A. Papillary Urothelial Neoplasms

I. Tumors with No/Minimal Nuclear Atypia

Papilloma, PUNLMP, low grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

II. High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

B. Nonpapillary Urothelial Tumors

I. Invasive Urothelial Carcinomas

II. Flat Carcinoma In Situ (IUN III): Clinical Presentation, Histology

Histologic Variants of Urothelial Carcinoma

Metastatic Tumors

Cytologic Monitoring of Patients Treated for Tumors of Lower Urinary Tract

Reporting of cytologic findings

Suggested Reading

Chapter 7- Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry and Other Methods of Detection of Bladder Neoplasms

Introduction

US FDA-approved Markers

Potential Markers in Earlier Phases of Clinical Development

Markers Detected by Immunocytochemistry

Comparison between Urine Cytology and FDA-approved Markers

Conclusion

References