Inside Solid State Drives (SSDs), 2013 Springer Series in Advanced Microelectronics Series, Vol. 37

Solid State Drives (SSDs) are gaining momentum in enterprise and client applications, replacing Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) by offering higher performance and lower power. In the enterprise, developers of data center server and storage systems have seen CPU performance growing exponentially for the past two decades, while HDD performance has improved linearly for the same period. Additionally, multi-core CPU designs and virtualization have increased randomness of storage I/Os. These trends have shifted performance bottlenecks to enterprise storage systems. Business critical applications such as online transaction processing, financial data processing and database mining are increasingly limited by storage performance.

In client applications, small mobile platforms are leaving little room for batteries while demanding long life out of them. Therefore, reducing both idle and active power consumption has become critical. Additionally, client storage systems are in need of significant performance improvement as well as supporting small robust form factors. Ultimately, client systems are optimizing for best performance/power ratio as well as performance/cost ratio.

SSDs promise to address both enterprise and client storage requirements by drastically improving performance while at the same time reducing power.

Preface

Foreword by Andrew Viterbi who received the National Medal of Science from President Obama in 2008

Acknowledgements

About the editors

1. SSD market overview

2. SSD Architecture and PCI Express interface

3. SAS and SATA SSDs

4. Hybrid storage

5. NAND Flash technology

6. NAND Flash design

7. NAND & Controller co-design for SSDs

8. SSD reliability

9. Efficient wear leveling in NAND Flash memory

10. BCH for Solid-State-Drives

11. Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes

12. Protecting SSD data against attacks

13. Flash Signal Processing and NAND/ReRAM SSD

Index

Rino Micheloni (rino.micheloni@ieee.org)is Lead Flash Technologist at IDT (Integrated Device Technology). He has 18 years experience in NAND/NOR Flash memory design, architecture and algorithms as well as the related intellectual property. Before IDT, he was Senior Principal for Flash and Director of Qimonda's design center in Italy, developing 36 nm and 48 nm NAND memories. From 2001 to 2006 he managed the Napoli design center of STMicroelectronics focusing on the development of 90 nm and 60 nm MLC NAND Flash. Before that, he led the development of MLC NOR Flash. He is co-author of 103 U.S. patents and five Springer books on NOR/NAND/ECC/SSD. He is IEEE Senior Member and received the STMicroelectronics Exceptional Patent in 2003 and 2004, and the Qimonda IP Award in 2007.

Alessia Marelli was born in Bergamo, Italy in 1980. She received her degree in Mathematical Science from “Università degli Studi di Milano – Bicocca”, Italy in 2003 with a thesis about ECC applied to Flash Memories. In 2003 she joined STMicroelectronics, Agrate B., Italy. She was involved in digital design of Multilevel NAND Memories, especially redundancy, ECC and algorithms. In 2007, she joined Qimonda as senior digital designer. In 2009 she joined Integrated Device Technology (IDT) as senior digital designer, where she takes care of ECC applied to SSD. She is co-author of some patents regarding Redundancy and ECC applied to Flash Memories. She is co-author of Memories in Wireless Systems (Springer, 2008), Error Correction Codes for Non-Volatile Memories (Springer, 2008), Inside NAND Flash Memories (Springer, 2010).

Kam Eshghi is Sr. Director of Marketing in Enterprise Computing Division of IDT. Kam leads IDT’s business strategy, marketing and business development for flash controllers and PCIe switches. Kam drove the creation of IDT’s PCIe Enterprise Flash Controller product line and established IDT as a le

Highlighted are all different aspects required by Solid State Disk design, including interfaces (PCIe, SAS, SATA, USB)

Shows real benefits of SSDs, application by application

Applicable to researchers, academics and professionals

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras