Inclusion without Representation in Latin America Gender Quotas and Ethnic Reservations Cambridge Studies in Gender and Politics Series

This book analyzes why and how fifteen Latin American countries modified their political institutions to promote the inclusion of women, Afrodescendants, and indigenous peoples. Through analysis and comparison of experiences in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, the book accounts for the origins of quotas and reserved seats in international norms and civic mobilization. It shows how the configuration of political institutions and the structure of excluded groups set the terms and processes of inclusion. Arguing that the new mechanisms have delivered inclusion but not representation, the book demonstrates that quotas and reserved seats increased the presence in power of excluded groups but did not create constituencies or generate civic movements able to authorize or hold accountable their representatives.

Preface and acknowledgements; 1. Introduction: politics of inclusion in Latin America; 2. Women, Afrodescendants, and indigenous peoples in elected office; 3. Gender quotas: why and how? 4. Indigenous reservations and gender parity in Bolivia with Juan Pablo Ossa; 5. The rise and fall of political inclusion in Colombia; 6. Brazil: combatting exclusion through quotas in higher education; 7. After quotas: women's presence and legislative behavior in Argentina with Marina Lacalle and Juan Pablo Micozzi; Conclusion; Appendix 1. List of research trips; Appendix 2. Mechanisms of inclusion.

Mala Htun is Professor of Political Science at the University of New Mexico. She is the author of Sex and the State: Abortion, Divorce, and the Family under Latin American Dictatorships and Democracies (2003). Her work has appeared in American Political Science Review, Perspectives on Politics, Politics, Groups, and Identities, Latin American Research Review, Latin American Politics and Society, and Politics and Gender, among other journals and edited volumes. In 2015, Htun was selected as an Andrew Carnegie Fellow. She has held the Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellowship in Japan and was a fellow at the Kellogg Institute of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana and the Radcliffe Institute of Harvard University, Massachusetts. Her work has been supported by grants and fellowships from the National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Social Science Research Council, and National Security Education Program.