Equine Clinical Pathology

Equine Clinical Pathology is the first complete resource for hematology and clinical chemistry in horses. Encompassing the basic principles and advanced interpretation, the book&rsquo,s single–species approach to pathology allows for focused coverage of the unique disease characteristics of equids. Equine Clinical Pathology is equally useful for anyone using clinical pathology as a diagnostic tool, from beginning student to experienced specialist. The heart of the book is organized by body system, making it easy to find and apply information. Chapters cover general laboratory medicine, including instruments and techniques, hematology, and proteins as well as specific organs, such as the kidney and liver. Equine Clinical Pathology is a useful bench–side reference for anyone involved in laboratory medicine for the horse.

Contributors xi Preface xiii 1 General Laboratory Medicine 3 Raquel M. Walton General laboratory medicine 3 Basic hematologic techniques 4 Point–of–care testing 6 Test validation and reference values 10 References 14 2 Equine Hematology 15 Raquel M. Walton Complete blood count interpretation 15 Erythrocyte indices 15 Leukogram 20 Platelets 22 Blood film evaluation 23 Erythrocytes and platelets 25 Leukocytes 30 References 33 3 Immunohematology and Hemostasis 37 Karen V. Jackson Immunohematology testing 39 Blood typing 39 Crossmatching 41 Antibody screening and jaundiced foal agglutination test 42 Immune–mediated hemolytic anemia 44 Neonatal isoerythrolysis 46 Infection–associated (Clostridial, EIA, R. equi, S. equi) 48 Drug–associated 50 Neoplasia–associated 50 Coagulation testing 51 Physiology of hemostasis 51 Coagulation testing and disorders causing abnormalities 60 References 66 4 The Liver 71 Dennis J. Meyer and Raquel M. Walton Liver enzymes 71 Hepatocellular enzymes 73 Hepatobiliary enzymes 74 Liver function tests 76 Excretory function tests 76 Tests dependent on synthetic/metabolic functions 77 Other tests 79 Hepatic diseases 80 Toxins 80 Infections 82 Hepatic lipidosis 83 Serum hepatitis (Theiler&rsquo,s disease) 83 Hepatocellular neoplasia 84 References 84 5 Laboratory Evaluation of the Equine Renal System 87 Andrea A. Bohn Laboratory assessment of the kidney 87 Glomerular filtration rate 89 Reabsorption and electrolyte regulation 90 Water conservation and blood volume regulation 91 Other renal functions 92 Urinalysis 92 Gross evaluation 92 Urine–specific gravity 92 Reagent test strips 94 Urine sediment exam 95 Laboratory abnormalities associated with different disease states 98 Acute renal failure 98 Chronic renal failure 98 Urinary tract rupture 99 &ldquo,Early&rdquo, renal disease 100 Strenuous exercise 101 References 101 6 Acid–Base and Electrolytes 103 Andrea A. Bohn Acid–base 103 Steps to evaluating acid–base status 104 Bicarbonate 104 Metabolic acid