Ecological Indicators, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1992 Volume 2

Today environmental problems of unprecedented magnitude confront planet earth. The sobering fact is that a whole range of human activities is affecting our global environment as profoundly as the billions of years of evolution that preceded our tenure on Earth. Tl:e pressure on vital natural resources in the developing world and elsewhere is intense, and the destruction of tropical forests, wildlife habitat, and other irreplaceable resources, is alarming. Climate change, ozone depletion, loss of genetic diversity, and marine pollution are critical global environmental concerns. Their cumulative impact threatens to destroy the planet's natural resources. The need to address this situation is urgent. More than at any previous moment in history, nature and ecological systems are in human hands, dependent on human efforts. The earth is an interconnected and interdependent global ecosystem, and change in one part of the system often causes unexpected change in other parts. Atmospheric, oceanic, wetland, terrestrial and other ecological systems have a finite capacity to absorb the environmental degradation caused by human behavior. The need for an environmentally sound, sustainable economy to ease this degradation is evident and urgent. Policies designed to stimulate economic development by foregoing pollution controls both destroy the long-term economy and ravage the environment. Over the years, we have sometimes drawn artificial distinctions between the health of individuals and the health of ecosystems. But in the real world, those distinctions do not exist.

X. Landscape Monitoring Scales.- 46. Possibilities Limitations in Bioindication on Landscape Monitoring Scales.- 47. Key Reactions in Forest Disease Used as Effects Criteria for Biomonitoring.- 48. Air Pollution Effects on Heathland.- 49. Environmental Quality Assessment of Ecodistricts: A Comprehensive Method for Environmental Policy.- 50. Indications of Landscape Condition at Many Scales.- XI. Regional Monitoring Scales.- 51. The Development of Regional Scale Ecological Indicators: A Canadian Approach.- 52. Biological Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects in the State of Baden-Wurttemberg, Federal Republic of Germany.- 53. The Analysis of Geographic Scale and Population Processes in Bird Population Monitoring Data.- 54. Use of the Habitat Linear Appraisal System to Inventory and Monitor the Structure of Habitats.- 55. Regional Patterns in Three Biological Indicators of Stream Condition in Ohio.- 56. Landscape Characterization for Assessing Regional Water Quality.- XII. Global Monitoring Scales.- 57. The Greenhouse Index: A Global Ecological Indicator (a summary).- 58. Continental Scale Biome Responses to Climatic Change.- 59. Monitoring and Assessment of Large Marine Ecosystems: A Global and Regional Perspective.- 60. Rational Marine Pollution Monitoring.- 61. The Past as a Key Indicator for Assessing Future Climate-Induced Ecologic Change (a summary).- XIII. Trend Detection.- 62. A Framework for Trend Detection: Coupling Ecological Managerial Perspectives.- 63. Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Indices.- 64. Monitoring Environmental Changes in Lakes Using Algal Microfossils.- 65. Early Ecological Indicators of Climate Change.- 66. A Retrospective Study of Agricultural Bird Populations in North America.- XIV. Determining The Effectiveness Of Environmental Regulations.- 67. Developing-World Bureaucracies as Partners in Environmental Management.- 68. Superfund—Environmental Progress? A Report on Environmental Indicators.- 69. The U.S. Clean Water Act: Programmatic Needs and Experiences.- 70. Ecological Assessment at U.S. Department of Energy Environmental Restoration Sites.- 71. Consideration of Ecological Factors in Resource Management Planning for Bureau of Land Management Administered Lands.- 72. Use of Environmental Indicators in Evaluating Effectiveness of State Environmental Regulatory Programs.- XV. Diagnostics and the Association of Causes And Effects.- 73. Monitoring with Biomarkers: A Multi-tiered Framework for Evaluating the Ecological Impacts of Contaminants.- 74. Ecological Indicators: Panacea or Liability.- 75. An Approach for Selecting and Using Indicator Species to Monitor Ecological Effects Resulting from Chemical Changes in Soil and Water.- 76. The Utility of Biological Indicators of Stream Acidity in Wales.- 77. Monitoring Benthic Ecosystem Processes on the Outer Continental Shelf: An Integrated Approach for Offshore Southern California.- 78. Endpoints and Indicators in Ecological Risk Assessments.- XVI. The Present and Future of Ecological Monitoring.- 79. Monitoring for Ecological Integrity: The State of the Art.- 80. Integrated Monitoring of Ecological Condition: Issues of Scale, Complexity and Future Change.- 81. Monitoring Challenges and Innovative Ideas.- 82. Challenges at the Interface Between Ecological and Environmental Monitoring: Imperatives for Research and Public Policy.- XVII. Perspectives and Priorities.- 83. Bioindication the European Perspective and Position.- 84. Ecological Economic Issues and Considerations in Indicator Development, Selection and Use: Toward an Operational Definition of System Health.- 85. Synthesizing Indicator Needs of Scientific, Policy and Regulatory Communities.- 86. The Need for International Cooperation Within Integrated Monitoring Frameworks.- XVIII. Poster Papers.- Development of Bioindicators for Environmental Protection Programs in Estuarine Ecosystems: Philosophy and Strategy.- Biological Indicators and Integrated Monitoring: Finnish Experiences.- Taxonomic and Functional Group Analysis of the Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community of the Saint Croix River, MN and WI.- Littoral Zone Macrozoobenthos: Reliable and Sensitive Indicator of Lake Acidification and Recovery.- Surveillance Monitoring of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory with Honey Bees.- The Utility of Measuring Process-Oriented Parameters for Assessing Ecosystem Response to Acidification.- The Alteration in Informative Weights of Biological Species as an Ecological Indicator of Environmental Impacts.- A Research Strategy to Develop Ecological Indicators for the Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program (EMAP).- Indicators of Nationwide Progress in Reducing Ecological Threats at U.S. Hazardous Waste Sites.- Use of the Stress Proteins in Fish as Indicators of Environmental Effects and Exposure.- The Tobacco Plants as Bioindicators of Damage of Ozone in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area.- The Ecotype System, An Ecosystem Typology Focusing on Vegetation.- Water Quality Indicators for Rivers and Streams: Selection, Stratification and Aggregation for Decision Making.- An Environmental Index for the UK.- Methods for Assessing Nonpoint Source Contaminated Ground Water to Surface Water.- Biological Quality Control and Quality Assurance: A Case Study in Paleolimnological Biomonitoring.- Lichens as Biomonitors of Sulfur, Nitrogen and Metals at Whitetop Mountain in Southwest Virginia.- A Horizontal-Vertical Vegetation Assessment System.- First-year Experiences from the EMAP-Forests Monitoring Program.- The Development of Environmental Indicators in North Carolina: Process and Product.- Species Assemblages of Oligochaetes—Useful Indicators of Water Pollution in Scandinavian Lakes; But Do We Know Why?.- Cytochrome P450 Induction as a Biomarker: Induction of “P450E” (P450IA1) in Water Flounder by 3,3?,4,4?-tetrachlorobiphenyl and by Exposure to Inducers in the Field.- Biological Monitoring of Organic Air Pollutants.- Impact of Agricultural Intensification on Bird Populations in Britain.- Assessing Agroecosystem Sustainability and Productivity.- Use of Indicator Organisms in Monitoring of Acidification.- Benthos as Indicators of Low Summer Dissolved Oxygen in Chesapeake Bay.- Stress Proteins as Molecular Indicators for Contaminant Exposure and Adverse Biological Effects.- Monitoring Vegetation Change in Arid Lands Using Remote Sensing.- Appendix: Session Chairs and Co-Chairs.