Molecular Analysis of DNA Rearrangements in the Immune System, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1996 Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology Series, Vol. 217

The vertebrate immune system is distinctive among defense systems of multicellular organisms. In addition to nonspecific immunity, it generates a randomized array of millions of antigen receptors (immunoglobulins and T-cell receptors). A subset of these receptors are critical for binding to invading microbes or biochemicals from them to tag the microbes for elimination. Three site-directed DNA modification processes are critical to this process in vertebrates. V(D)J recombination generates the array of exons that encode the antigen binding pockets. Recent work summarized in this volume describes the dissection of this process at the biochemical level. The mechanism of the reaction is now understood in considerable detail. The proteins that catalyze many steps of the process have now been identified by biochemical and genetic recon­ stitution and by analysis of genetic mutants defective in V(D)J recombination. Class switch recombination is the process by which the variable domain exon of the heavy chain is changed from IgM to IgG, IgA. or IgE. Recent progress is described in the de­ velopment of an extrachromosomal substrate assay system. Molecular genetic analysis of the process in transgenics is defining some of the cis sequence requirements. Biochemical assays for defining enzymatic components are also described. In addition to exciting progress in V(D)J recombination and class switch recombination, one chapter describes recent pro­ gress in somatic hypermutation.

Initiation of V(D)J Recombination in a Cell-Free Systenn by RAG1 and RAG2 Proteins.- rag-1 and rag-2: Biochemistry and Protein Interactions.- Regulation of Recombination Activating Gene Expression During Lymphocyte Development.- The Cell Cycle and V(D)J Recombination.- Double-Strand Breaks, DNA Hairpins, and the Mechanism of V(D)J Recombination.- Identification of the Catalytic Subunit of DNA Dependent Protein Kinase as the Product of the Mouse scid Gene.- The DNA-Activated Protein Kinase — DNA-PK.- Role of the Ku Autoantigen in V(D)J Recombination and Double-Strand Break Repair.- Characterization of Chinese Hamster Cell Lines That Are X-Ray-Sensitive, Impaired in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair and Defective for V(D)J Recombination.- Identification of the XRCC4 Gene: Complementation of the DSBR and V(D)J Recombination Defects of XR-1 Cells.- Developmental and Molecular Regulation of Immunoglobulin Class Switch Recombination.- Transcription Targets Recombination at Immunoglobulin Switch Sequences in a Strand-Specific Manner.- Biochemical Studies of Class Switch Recombination.- Somatic Hypermutability.