Cumulative effects in wildlife management

As humans continue to encroach on wildlands, quality and quantity of wildlife habitat decreases before our eyes. A housing development here, a shopping mall there, a few more trees cut here, another road put in there, each of these diminishes available habitat. Unless the cumulative effects of multiple simultaneous development projects are recognized and incorporated at the beginning of project development, we will continue to see wildlife habitat disappear at unprecedented rates.

Divided into two parts, Cumulative Effects in Wildlife Management emphasizes the importance of recognizing cumulative effects and highlights the necessity of their bearing on future policy. It begins with an outline of the differences between direct, indirect, and cumulative effects of anthropogenic impacts on wildlife habitat and addresses the similarities and differences in US and Canadian policies, legal and economic ramifications, and the confusion that stems from lack of consideration, communication, and forward planning. Section 1 also describes the current standard means of quantifying cumulative effects as proposed by the Council on Environmental Quality.

Section 2 presents a series of case studies that deepen our appreciation of how anthropogenic influences interconnect and how this heightened level of understanding influences our ability to make informed decisions. Case studies include cumulative effects in the Canadian Arctic, border issues with Mexico, suburban and exurban landscapes, scenic resources, and the cumulative impacts of energy development on sage-grouse.

Without a conscious knowledge of what is happening around us, we will not be able to incorporate an effective land ethic, and natural resources will be the ultimate loser. Cumulative Effects in Wildlife Management brings to light the crucial connections between human expansion and habitat destruction for those managers and practitioners charged with protecting wildlife in the face of changing landscapes.

Understanding Cumulative Effects
Grappling with Cumulative Effects, Lisa K. Harris and Lirain F. Urreiztieta
The NEPA Process: What the Law Says, Matt Kenna
Regulating and Planning for Cumulative Effects: The Canadian Experience, Chris Johnson
Quantifying Cumulative Effects, Paul R. Krausman
The Economics of Cumulative Effects: Ecological and Macro by Nature, Brian Czech and Robert B. Richardson

Case Studies
U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Environmental Waivers and Cumulative Effects, Lirain F. Urreiztieta and Lisa K. Harris
Piecemealing Paradise: Cumulative Effects to Scenic Quality on the Coronado National Forest, Debby Kriegel
Understanding the Cumulative Effects of Human Activities on Barren-Ground Caribou, Anne Gunn, Chris J. Johnson, John S. Nishi, Colin J. Daniel, Don E. Russell, Matt Carlson, and Jan Z. Adamczewski
The Cumulative Effects of Suburban and Exurban Influences on Wildlife, Paul R. Krausman, Sonja M. Smith, Jonathan Derbridge, and Jerod Merkle
Cumulative Effects on Freshwater Fishes, Scott A. Bonar and William J. Matter
Sage-Grouse and Cumulative Impacts of Energy Development, David E. Naugle, Kevin E. Doherty, Brett L. Walker, Holly E. Copeland, and Jason D. Tack

References