Computation and Comparison of Efficient Turbulence Models for Aeronautics — European Research Project ETMA, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1998 Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics Series, Vol. 5

The computation of complex turbulent flows by statistical modelling has already a long history. The most popular two-equation models today were introduced in the early sev­ enties. However these models have been generally tested in rather academic cases. The develope­ ment of computers has led to more and more acurate numerical methods. The interactions betwe~n numerical and modelling techniques are generally not well mastered. Moreover, computation of real life cases, including 3D effects, complex geometries and pressure gra­ dients based on two-equation models with low-Reynolds treatment at the proximity of walls are not really of common use. A large number of models has been proposed; this is perhaps the sign that none of them is really satisfactory, and then the assessment of their generality is not an easy task: it requires a lot of understanding of the physics and a lot of work for testing the large number of relevant cases in order to assess their limits of validity which is a condition for an improved confidence in engineering applications. This is probably why workshops and working groups are frequent and the ETMA consor­ tium has choosen to build a state of the art in theoretical and numerical statistical turbu­ lence modelling for real life computations by taking some marks with respect to previous workshops such as the Stanford meetings (1980,1981); some problems are kept or updated by new experiments, some problems are discarded, some new problems are introduced; the focus is kept on flows with 2D geometries.

1: Mixing Layers.- Test Case 1: supersonic mixing layers.- Numerical simulation and modeling of an unsteady supersonic mixing-layer flow.- A modified k-? model derived by homogenization techniques.- Compressibility models applied to supersonic mixing layers.- Numerical simulation of supersonic mixing layers at different convective Mach numbers with a k-? model.- Supersonic mixing layer.- Synthesis on compressible mixing layers.- 2: Compressible Back-Step Flow.- The supersonic flow over an axisymmetric rearward facing step Synthesis of results.- Computation of an axisymmetric supersonic back-step flow using a pointwise k-k2/? turbulence model.- Supersonic rearward-facing step calculations using an explicit fractional-step method and a two-equation turbulence model.- 3: Incompressible Wall Flows with Separation.- Presentation of test cases TC-2A TC-2B TC-2C TC-2D two-dimensional incompressible wall flows with separation.- Incompressible recirculating flows, TC2-A low-Re backward-facing step, TC2-B high-Re backward-facing step.- Computational results on test cases TC-2C and TC-2D two dimensional, incompressible flows with recirculation.- Incompressible recirculating flows, TC-2C fence-on-a- wall, TC-2D obstacle-in-channel.- Numerical solution of the turbulent flow over a fence using two equation models.- Computations of separating and reattaching flows with high- and low-Reynolds-number second moment closure.- Incompressible recirculating flows, a critical comparison of computations for low-and~high-Reynolds number flow over a backward-facing step.- Synthesis of test cases TC-2C and TC-2D, two dimensional, incompressible flow past wall-mounted obstacles.- 4: Flows Past a Flat Plate.- Specification of test case TC3 flat plate boundary layers.- A numerical evaluation of anew algebraic turbulence model.- Flat plate boundary layers.- Application of turbulence models to incompressible boundary layers in aeronautics.- The Samuel-Joubert test case, computed by a boundary-layer method.- Application of the finite element method to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations.- Simulations of compresible turbulent boundary layer using a low Reynolds k-? model.- Solutions of non-equilibrium wall boundary layers with a low-Reynolds-number second moment closure.- Synthesis on test case TC3 ETMA workshop, flate plate boundary layers.- 5: Shock Reflection.- ETMA test case 6au]shock reflection on a flat plate: description of the test case.- Numerical simulation of shock reflection with a compressible k-? model.- Simulations of shock reflection on flat plate using a low-Reynolds k-? model.- Assessment of a one-equation pointwise turbulence model for compressible flow — test case TC6.- ETMA test case 6, shock reflection on a flat plate: synthesis of the calculations.- 6: Ramp Flow.- Supersonic compression ramp flow: synthesis of results.- Study of the supersonic compression ramp flow using the k-? turbulence model with and without algebraic Reynolds stress modifications.- Numerical simulation of compression ramp flows with a compressible k-? model.- Computation of a shock-wave boundary-layer interaction on compression ramp flow configuration.- The shock/turbulent boundary layer interaction over the Princeton 20° and 24° ramps.- Computations on the compression ramp using explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models.- Numerical simulation of a 24° compression ramp by a k-? model with compressibility terms.- 7: Flow Over a Bump.- Test case TC5: two dimensional transonic bump.- Assessment of a one-equation pointwise turbulence model forcompressible flow.- Numerical simulation of the flow over a 2D transonic bump with extended separation.- Calculation of a two dimensional transonic bump with a multiple-time-scale turbulence model.- Computation of a two dimensional transonic bump flow using a point wise k-k2/? turbulence model.- Extension of an incompressible algorithm for compressible flow calculations: validation on a transonic flow in a bump.- Computation of a shock wave boundary layer interaction in a nozzle with different anisotropic turbulence models.- 2-D transonic bump flow calculations using an explicit fractional-step method.- Computations on the transonic bump using explicit algebraic Reynolds stress models.- TC5 synthesis.- 8: Steady Airfoil Flow.- Presentation of TC8: flow around airfoil (steady).- Transonic Navier-Stokes computations on unstructured grids using a differential Reynolds stress model.- Implicit multigrid computations of an airfoil flow.- Unstructured grid solutions using k-? with wall functions.- The Dornier 2D Navier—Stokes approach applied to transonic airfoil flow.- Flow calculations past RAE 2822 and MBB—A3 airfoils for the ETMA workshop using the Navier-Stokes code ARC2D.- Calculation of the RAE2822 transonic airfoil using the k-? model.- Application of an unstructured grid flow solver to compressible turbulent flows.- 9: Unsteady Airfoil Flow.- Presentation of the test-case TC8bis.- rediction of the unsteady transonic turbulent flow around a circular-arc aerofoil.- Unsteady separated turbulent flows computation with wall-laws and k-? model.- Unsteady flow over a circular arc airfoil.- Synthesis on the unsteady transonic flow around a circular-arc aerofoil (TC8bis).- Elements Of Synthesis and Conclusion.- Elements Of Synthesis and Conclusion.

Die Herausgeber sind Sprecher des EU-Projekts ETMA

Stimmen die Simulationen?