Comprehensive Virology, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1977 7 Reproduction: Bacterial DNA Viruses Comprehensive Virology Series, Vol. 7

The time seems ripe for a critical compendium of that segment of the biological universe we call viruses. Virology, as a science, having passed only recently through its descriptive phase of naming and num­ bering, has probably reached that stage at which relatively few new~ truly new~viruses will be discovered. Triggered by the intellectual probes and techniques of molecular biology, genetics, biochemical cytology, and high-resolution microscopy and spectroscopy, the field has experienced a genuine information explosion. Few serious attempts have been made to chronicle these events. This comprehensive series, which will comprise some 6000 pages in a total of about 22 volumes, represents a commitment by a large group of active investigators to analyze, digest, and expostulate on the great mass of data relating to viruses, much of which is now amorphous and disjointed, and scattered throughout a wide literature. In this way, we hope to place the entire field in perspective, and to develop an invalu­ able reference and sourcebook for researchers and students at all levels. This series is designed as a continuum that can be entered anywhere, but which also provides a logical progression of developing facts and integrated concepts.

1 The Isometric Single-Stranded DNA Phages.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. A Circular, Single-Stranded DNA Molecule within a Tailless Capsid.- 1.2. Genes and Proteins of the Isometric Phages.- 1.3. Enzymatic and Chemical Studies.- 1.4. Properties of øX174 Virus and øX174 Viral DNA Forms.- 2. Formation of the Parental RF.- 2.1. Adsorption to the Cell.- 2.2. Eclipse of the Virion.- 2.3. Synthesis of a Complementary Strand.- 3. Expression of the Viral Genome.- 3.1. Transcription.- 3.2. Translation.- 3.3. Superinfection Exclusion and Inhibition of Host DNA Synthesis.- 4. RF Replication.- 4.1. Function of Gene A.- 4.2. The rep Mutant and Other Required Host Cell Functions.- 4.3. Origin of øX174 RF Replication.- 4.4. Nascent RF Molecules Contain Gaps.- 4.5. Structure of the Replicating Intermediate: The “Reciprocating Strand” Model.- 4.6. Selectivity of Subsequent Replication.- 4.7. Radiobiological Experiments and Parent-to-Progeny Transfer.- 4.8. Role of the Membrane.- 5. Single-Stranded DNA Synthesis.- 5.1. Asymmetric Displacement Replication.- 5.2. Methylation.- 5.3. Circularization.- 5.4. Viral Proteins Required for Single-Stranded DNA Synthesis.- 6. Biogenesis of the Mature Virion.- 6.1. Assembly of the Virus Particle.- 6.2. Lysis of the Cell.- 7. Recombination.- 7.1. Structural Intermediates.- 7.2. Gene Functions Involved.- 7.3. Heteroduplex Repair and Single-Strand Aggression.- 8. References.- 2 Replication of Filamentous Bacteriophages.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Structure of the Ff Virion.- 3. Structure of Ff DNA.- 3.1. Single-Stranded Ring Structure of Ff DNA.- 3.2. Conformations of Ff DNA.- 3.3. Self-Complementary Regions in Ff DNA.- 3.4. Pyrimidine Tracts in Ff DNA.- 3.5. RNA Polymerase Binding Sites.- 3.6. DNA Sequence Studies.- 3.7. E. coli B-Specific Modification and Restriction Sites.- 3.8. Type II Restriction Sites.- 3.9. Miniature Forms of Ff DNA.- 3.10. Multiple-Length Forms of Ff DNA.- 4. Phage Attachment and Initiation of Infection.- 5. Parental RF Formation (SS?RF).- 5.1. Involvement of a Minor Capsid Protein.- 5.2. Drug Sensitivity of Parental RF Formation.- 5.3. Parental RF Formation by Bacterial Enzymes.- 5.4. A Unique Gap in the Parental Complementary Strand of M13 DNA.- 5.5. Location of the RNA Primer at the 5’-Terminus of the Complementary Strand.- 6. RF Replication (RF?RF).- 6.1. Requirement for a Phage Function.- 6.2. Involvement of Host Functions.- 6.3. Mechanics of Ff RF Replication.- 6.4. Membrane Attachment of Replicating RF.- 6.5. Function of the RF Pool.- 7. Single-Strand Synthesis (RF?SS).- 7.1. Kinetics of Single-Strand Synthesis.- 7.2. Requirement for Gene 5 and Gene 2 Proteins in Single-Strand Synthesis.- 7.3. Association of Gene 5 Protein with Viral Single Strands.- 7.4. Requirement for Host Functions in Single-Strand Synthesis.- 7.5. Mechanics of Single-Strand Synthesis.- 8. Expression of the Ff Genome.- 8.1. Regulated Synthesis of Gene Products.- 8.2. Transcription of the Ff Genome.- 8.3. Translation of Ff Gene Transcripts.- 9. Future Areas of Research.- 10. References.- 3 Reproduction of Large Virulent Bacteriophages.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. Overview of the Field.- 1.2. Scope of This Chapter.- 2. Structural Features of Large Virulent Phages.- 3. Reproduction of T-Even Coliphages.- 3.1. Overview of the Phage Life Cycle.- 3.2. Physiological Genetics of T-Even Coliphages.- 3.3. Early Steps in Infection.- 3.4. Physiological Roles of T-Even Phage-Coded Enzymes.- 3.5. DNA Replication.- 3.6. Control of Gene Expression.- 3.7. Late Functions.- 4. Reproduction of T-Odd Coliphages.- 4.1. T1.- 4.2. T3 and T7.- 4.3. T5.- 5. Bacillus subtilis Phages.- 5.1. Phages with Hydroxymethyluracil-Containing DNA.- 5.2. Phages with Uracil-Containing DNA.- 5.3. Small B. subtilis Phages.- 5.4. Other B. subtilis Phages.- 6. Other Phages.- 7. References.