Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction

The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is one response to the challenge of meeting the mental health needs and behavior-related problems of addicted teenagers. The work has been edited as an independent project by members of the American Society for Adolescent Psychiatry, the oldest professional organization of psychiatrists devoted solely to the mental health care and treatment of teenagers in the USA. The forensic psychiatry perspective permeates the entire book. It will help to produce health providers with a deep and sensitive understanding of the developmental needs and behavior-related problems of adolescents.

The Clinical Handbook of Adolescent Addiction is a practical tool for all those who help adolescents: practitioners of family medicine, general psychiatrists, child/adolescent psychiatrists, adolescent psychiatrists, addiction psychiatrists, non-psychiatric physicians specializing in addiction medicine, forensic psychiatrists, psychologists, clinical social workers, mental health administrators, Court/Probation/ Parole/Correctional health workers.

The book is organized in a user-friendly format so that readers can easily locate the chapters that provide the information that is required. In some instances, topics of special importance deliberately have been addressed in more than one chapter, to illuminate the topics from a variety of vantage points. One aim of the editors is to move the topic from being a specialist area to a generalist one by providing tools for generalist to use.

List of Contributors xi

Preface xv

Foreword xvii

THE SCOURGE OF ADOLESCENT ADDICTION 1
Edited by Richard Rosner

1 The Scourge of Addiction: What the Adolescent Psychiatrist Needs to Know 3
Richard Rosner

2 Adolescent Addictions in the United Kingdom 9
Tahira Akbar, Alex Baldacchino, and Ilana Crome

ASSESSMENT OF THE SUBSTANCE-ABUSING ADOLESCENT 25
Edited by Robert Weinstock and Manuel Lopez-Leon

3 Clinical Assessment of Addiction in Adolescents 27
FarzinYaghmaie and Robert Weinstock

4 Emergency Room and Medical Evaluation 36
Christopher William Racine and Stephen Bates Billick

5 Psychological Assessment 48
Lauren Reba-Harrelson and Daniel A. Martell

6 Cultural Assessment 61
Karen B. Rosenbaum and Roxanne M. Lewin

7 Psychosocial Assessment of the Substance-Abusing Adolescent 68
Eve Maram

8 The Neurobiology of Adolescent Addiction 78
Michael Boucher and Preetpal Sandhu

9 Psychiatric Comorbidities in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders 88
Todd Zorick

10 Toxicology of Substances of Abuse 99
Eleanor Vo and Dean De Crisce

RISK AND PREVENTION 123
Edited by Avram H. Mack

11 Prevention of Adolescent Psychoactive Substance Use 125
Maria E. McGee and Avram H. Mack

12 Developmental Risks for Substance Use in Adolescence: Age as Risk Factor 132
Manuel Lopez-Leon and Jesse A. Raley

13 Genetic Risk Factors for Substance Use During Adolescence 139
Hallie A. Lightdale

14 Familial and Other Social Risk Factors in Adolescent Substance Use 147
Michael Brendler

15 Externalizing Disorders 154
Yasmin Jilla

16 Internalizing Disorders Among Adolescents: A Risk for Subsequent Substance Use 161
Tiffany G. Townsend and Dionne Smith Coker-Appiah

17 Risk due to Medical, Neurological, and Neurodevelopmental Conditions 170
Malena Banks and Matthew Biel

CLINICAL CONDITIONS 177
Edited by Charles Scott

18 Adolescent Alcohol Use 179
Karen Miotto, Andia Heydari, Molly Tartter, Ellen Chang, Patrick S. Thomas and Lara A. Ray

19 Stimulants 190
John W. Tsuang and Kathleen McKenna

20 Cannabis Use Disorders 202
Jan Copeland and John Howard

21 Hallucinogens and Related Compounds 213
Charles S. Grob and Marlene Dobkin de Rios

22 Opioids and Sedative-Hypnotics 223
Ann Bruner, Asad Bokhari, and Marc Fishman

23 Nicotine Use Disorders 237
Kevin M. Gray, Matthew J. Carpenter, and Himanshu P. Upadhyaya

24 Emerging Clinical Conditions 247
Christopher R. Thompson and Lauren Reba-Harrelson

TREATMENT 265
Edited by Timothy W. Fong

25 Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Outcomes 267
Rachel Gonzales, Mary Lynn Brecht, and Richard A. Rawson

26 Translating Evidence-Based Therapies into Outpatient Practice 271
Ara Anspikian

27 Albert Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy 282
Richard Rosner

28 Relapse Prevention 289
Richard Rosner

29 Adolescent Intensive Outpatient Treatment 295
Tiffany Tsai

30 Adolescent Behaviors Out of Control: An Introduction to Adolescent Residential
Treatment 301
Reef Karim

31 Adolescent Group Treatments: Twelve-Step and Beyond 306
Jeremy Martinez

32 Psychopharmacology for the Addicted Adolescent 311
Timothy W. Fong

33 What’s Old is New: Motivational Interviewing for Adolescents 321
Lois T. Flaherty

SPECIAL ISSUES IN ADOLESCENT ADDICTION 327
Edited by Stephen Bates Billick and Dean De Crisce

34 Substance Abuse Impact on Adolescent Brain Development 329
Adam Raff

35 Neuropsychological Effects of Substance Abuse in Adolescents 340
Diane Scheiner, Ari Kalechstein, and Wilfred G. van Gorp

36 Trauma and Adolescent Addiction 350
Michal Kunz

37 Sexual Addiction and Hypersexual Behaviors in Adolescents 362
Dean De Crisce

38 Sexting, Cybersex, and Internet Use: the Relationship Between Adolescent Sexual
Behavior and Electronic Technologies 377
Abigail M. Judge and Fabian M. Saleh

39 The Therapeutic Community for the Adolescent Substance Abuser 390
Gregory C. Bunt and Virginia A. Stanick

40 Treatment Issues for Youths with Substance Abuse in Juvenile Detention 405
Eraka Bath, Le Ondra Clark, and Julie Y. Low

FORENSIC CONSIDERATIONS 417
Edited by Robert Lloyd Goldstein

41 Forensic Psychiatry for Adolescent Psychiatrists: An Introduction 419
Richard Rosner

42 Ethical Considerations in Adolescent Addiction 423
Robert Weinstock

43 Informed Consent, Parental Consent, and the Right to Refuse Treatment 430
Jack A. Gottschalk and Daniel P. Greenfield

44 Third Party Liability for Supplying Adolescents with Illegal Substances 438
Daniel P. Greenfield and Jack A. Gottschalk

45 Older Adolescents in Drug Court: Hammering the Revolving Door Shut 445
Laura A. Ward

46 Confidentiality and Informed Consent Issues in Treatment for Adolescent Substance Abuse 457
Robert Lloyd Goldstein

47 Saving Adolescents 464
Richard Rosner

Index 471