Bioactive Heterocyclic Compound Classes Agrochemicals

The chemistry of heterocycles is an important branch of organic chemistry. This is due to the fact that a large number of natural products,
e. g. hormones, antibiotics, vitamins, etc. are composed of heterocyclic structures. Often, these compounds show beneficial properties and are
therefore applied as pharmaceuticals to treat diseases or as insecticides, herbicides or fungicides in crop protection. This volume presents important agrochemicals. Each of the 21 chapters covers in a concise manner one class of heterocycles, clearly structured as follows:

* Structural formulas of most important examples (market products)
*Short background of history or discovery
* Typical syntheses of important examples
* Mode of action
* Characteristic biological activity
* Structure-activity relationship
* Additional chemistry information (e.g. further transformations, alternative syntheses, metabolic pathways, etc.)
* References

A valuable one-stop reference source for researchers in academia and industry as well as for graduate students with career aspirations in the
agrochemical chemistry.

IINTRODUCTION

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HETEROCYCLES FOR PHARMACEUTICALS AND AGROCHEMICALS
Introduction
Heterocycles as Framework of Biologically Active Compounds
Fine-Tuning the Physicochemical Properties with Heterocycles
Heterocycles as Prodrugs
Heterocycles as Peptidomimetics
Heterocycles as Isosteric Replacement of Functional Groups
Heterocycles as Isosteric Replacement of Alicyclic Rings
Heterocycles as Isosteric Replacement of other Heterocyclic Rings

PART I: Herbicides

TRIAZINE HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationships

PYRIMIDINYL AND TRIAZINYLSULFONYLUREA HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

ACETOHYDROXYACID SYNTHASE INHIBITING TRIAZOLOPYRIMIDINE HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

HPPD-INHIBITING BENZOYLPYRAZOLE HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PYRIDYLOXYPHENOXYPROPIONATE HERBICIDES: INHIBITORS OF ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationships

IMIDAZOLINONE HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PROTOPORPHYRINOGEN-IX-OXIDASE-INHIBITING URACIL HERBICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

Part II: Fungicides

BENZIMIDAZOLE FUNGICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

MORPHOLINE FUNGICIDES FOR THE TREATMENT OF POWDERY MILDEW
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

STEROL BIOSYNTHESIS INHIBITING TRIAZOLE FUNGICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

METHIONINE BIOSYNTHESIS-INHIBITING ANILINOPYRIMIDINE FUNGICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PHENYLPYRROLE FUNGICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

BROAD-SPECTRUM FUNGICIDALLY ACTIVE PYRIMIDINYLDIOXY STROBILURINS INHIBITING THE RESPIRATORY CHAIN
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PYRAZOLE CARBOXAMIDE FUNGICIDES INHIBITING SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationships

Part III: Insecticides

AVERMECTIN INSECTICIDES AND ACARICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PYRIDINE AND THIAZOLE-CONTAINING INSECTICIDES AS POTENT AGONISTS ON INSECT NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PYRAZOLE AND PYRIMIDINE ACARICIDES AND INSECTICIDES ACTING AS INHIBITORS OF MITOCHONDRIAL ELECTRON TRANSPORT AT COMPLEX I
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PHENYLPYRAZOLE-CONTAINING FIPROLE INSECTICIDES
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

PYRAZOLYLPYRIDINE ACTIVATORS OF THE INSECT RYANODINE RECEPTOR
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationships

TETRONIC ACID INSECTICIDES AND ACARICIDES INHIBITING ACETYL-COA CARBOXYLASE
Introduction
History
Synthesis
Mode of Action
Biological Activity
Structure?Activity Relationship

Clemens Lamberth is a senior team leader in the crop protection research department of Syngenta AG, Switzerland. He studied chemistry at the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany, where he obtained his Ph.D. under the supervision of Prof. Bernd Giese in 1990. Subsequently, he spent one and a half years as a postdoctoral fellow in the group of Prof. Mark Bednarski at the University of California at Berkeley, U.S.A. In 1992 Clemens Lamberth joined the agrochemical research department of Sandoz Agro AG, Switzerland, which is today, after two mergers, part of Syngenta Crop Protection AG. Since 20 years he is specialized in fungicide discovery. He was the organizer of the two-day session 'New Trends for Agrochemicals' at the 2nd EUCHEMS congress in Torino 2008. He is the author of 46 publications and 56 patents and the inventor of Syngenta's fungicide mandipropamid (Revus®, Pergado®).

Jürgen Dinges obtained his M.S. degree in organic chemistry at the Technical University in Darmstadt, Germany in 1988. He then joined the group of Prof. Frieder W. Lichtenthaler at the same University, where he received his Ph.D. degree in organic chemistry and chemical engineering in 1991. After being awarded a Feodor-Lynen scholarship from the Humboldt foundation, he spent 18 months as a postdoctoral fellow in the group of Prof. William G. Dauben at the University of California at Berkeley, U.S.A. In 1993, Jurgen Dinges joined the department for biochemistry at Syntex, U.S.A. and since 1995 he is working in the pharmaceutical research department at Abbott Laboratories, U.S.A. In 2009, he was a guest editor for Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry for a special issue on Parkinson?s disease. He is an author of 17 publications and 23 patents and a co-inventor of more than 10 clinical drug development candidates.