Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1985

It is a pleasure and a distinct honour for me to greet the participants, guests and ob­ servers of this Fourth International Symposium on Antarctic Biology which has adopted nutrient cycles and food webs as its central theme. On behalf of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) and other bodies of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU), I bid you welcome. SCAR is pleased to acknowledge the role of the co-sponsors for this Symposium which include the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR), the Interna­ tional Association of Biological Oceanography (IABO), and the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS). In addition, SCAR and its co-sponsors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Re­ search (CSIR) and the Department of Transport (DOT) of the South African govern­ ment. Nor should we forget to acknowledge also the role of the South African Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SASCAR) and one of its leaders and Vice President of SCAR, Mr. Jan de Wit, in arranging this charming venue for this Symposium.

Introduction: Antarctic Biology, 1974–1983.- 1. Marine Nutrient Cycles.- Nutrient Cycles in Antarctic Marine Ecosystems.- Oceanic Frontal Systems and Biological Enhancement.- The Distribution of Inorganic Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Silicon, and Dissolved Organic Matter in Surface and Deep Waters of the Southern Ocean.- Trace Element Geochemistry in the Southern Ocean.- A Contribution to the Oceanology of the Prince Edward Islands.- Nutrient Upwelling and Its Effects in the Lee of Marion Island.- Marine Biological and Oceanographical Investigations in Lützow-Holm-Bay, Antarctica.- Light-Dependence of Phytoplankton Photosynthesis in the Antarctic Ocean: Implications for Regulating Productivity.- Phytoplankton Biomass near a Receding Ice-Edge in the Ross Sea.- The Influence of Light on Growth and Development of the Sea-Ice Microbial Community of McMurdo Sound.- Physiological Response of Micro-Algae in the Ice-Platelet Layer to Low-Light Conditions.- Autumnal Proliferation of Ice-Algae in Antarctic Sea-Ice.- Oceanographic Studies of Epi-Pelagic Ammonium Distributions: The Ross Sea NH4+ Flux Experiment.- Growth and Production of the Seaweed, Himantothallus grandifolius, at King George Island.- Factors Influencing the Production, Decomposition and Distribution of Organic and Inorganic Matter in Admiralty Bay, King George Island.- Kinetics and Trophic Role of Bacterial Degradation of Macro-Algae in Antarctic Coastal Waters.- The Role of Bacteria in the Cycling of Nutrients within the Maritime Antarctic Environment.- Heterotrophic Processes in a Kerguelen Mussel-Bed.- 2. Terrestrial and Freshwater Nutrient Cycles.- Nutrient Cycling in Relation to Biological Productivity in Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Terrestrial and Freshwater Ecosystems.- The Role of Pygoscelid Penguin Rookeries in Nutrient Cycles at Admiralty Bay, King George Island.- Ornithogenic Phosphates on King George Island in the Maritime Antarctic.- Chemical Composition of Guano of Burrowing Petrel Chicks (Procellariidae) at Marion Island.- The Influence of Elephant Seals on the Terrestrial Ecosystem at Marion Island.- A Preliminary Study of the Action of Crustose Lichens on Rock Surfaces in Antarctica.- Heterotrophic Acetylene Reduction in Soils at Marion Island.- Cellulose Decomposition and Its Relationship to Nutrient Cycling at South Georgia.- Bryophyte Production at Marion Island.- Comparative Microbiology of Moss-Peat Decomposition on the Scotia Arc and Antarctic Peninsula.- Decomposition and Nutrient Cycling in Rostkovia magellanica from Two Contrasting Bogs on South Georgia.- Growth and Production of Poa flabellata in Relation to Soil Nutrient Status and Exposure at South Georgia.- Methanogenesis and the Anaerobic Micro-Biology of a Wet Moss Community at Signy Island.- The Influence of Iron and Manganese on Nutrient Cycling in Shallow Freshwater Antarctic Lakes.- Paucity of Nutrient Cycling and Absence of Food Chains in the Unique Lakes of Southern Victoria Land.- Factors Controlling Phytoplankton Populations in Maritime Antarctic Lakes.- Decomposition Processes in Maritime Antarctic Lakes.- Interactions of Bacterio- and Phyto-Plankton in Nutrient Cycling Within Eutrophic Heywood Lake, Signy Island.- 3. Marine Food Webs.- Antarctic Marine Food Webs.- Choanoflagellates in the Antarctic Marine Food Chain.- Alternate Carbon Pathways at Lower Trophic Levels in the Antarctic Food Web.- Spatial Variability of Phytoplankton and the Distribution and Abundance of Krill in the Indian Sector of the Southern Ocean.- Abundance, Distribution and Behaviour of Euphausia superba in the Southern Ocean Between 15° and 30°E During FIBEX.- Variation in Geographical Distribution and Abundance of Larvae of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba, in the Southern Atlantic Ocean.- Vertical Distribution of Larvae of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba.- Feeding by Euphausia superba and Copepod Species in Response to Varying Concentrations of Phytoplankton.- Metabolism of Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba, and Its Tropho-Dynamic Implications.- Aspects of the Nutritional Metabolism of Two Antarctic Euphausiids: Euphausia superba and Thysanoessa macrura.- Moult and Growth in Euphausiids.- Structural and Functional Analyses of the Feeding Appendages of Krill Larvae.- Marine Macro-Plankton of Two Sub-Antarctic Islands.- The Relationship Between Krill Food Requirements and Phytoplankton Production in a Sector of the Southern Indian Ocean.- Feeding by Antarctic Krill, Euphausia superba: Does Size Matter?.- Nutrition of Allotanais hirsutus (Crustacea:Tanaidacea) at Kerguelen Island.- The Trophic Role of the Stone Crab, Lithodes murrayi, in the Benthic Ecosystem of the Crozet Islands.- The Energy Budget of a Population of the Antarctic Isopod Serolis polita.- Non-Cold-Adapted Metabolism in the Decapod Chorismus antarcticus and Other Sub-Antarctic Marine Crustaceans.- Food Webs and Functional Aspects of the Kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, Community in the Beagle Channel, Chile.- Aspects of the Roles of Squid in Food Chains of Marine Antarctic Ecosystems.- The Role of Zooplankton in the Diets of Certain Sub-Antarctic Marine Fish.- The Evolution of Neutrally Buoyant Notothenioid Fishes: Their Specializations and Potential Interactions in the Antarctic Marine Food Web.- Krill Consumption by Antarctic Notothenioid Fish.- The Early Life-History of the High-Antarctic Silverfish, Pleuragramma antarcticum.- Trophic Relationships Between Pelagic Fish and Euphausiids in Antarctic Waters.- Chick Energy Balance in the Whitechinned Petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis.- Energy and Food Requirements of Pelagic Aerial Seabirds in Different Regions of the African Sector of the Southern Ocean.- Population and Energetic Aspects of the Relationship Between Blackbrowed and Greyheaded Albatrosses and the Southern Ocean Marine Environment.- The Foraging Zones of Seabirds in the Crozet Islands Sector of the Southern Ocean.- A Preliminary Comparison of Marine Bird Biomass and Food Consumption Between the Southeastern Bering Sea and Parts of the Southern Ocean.- The Use of Lipid Profiles in Comparing the Diet of Seabirds.- Biomass of Birds and Mammals in the Ross Sea.- Relationships Between Prey Life-Cycles and the Extent, Nature and Timing of Seal and Seabird Predation in the Scotia Sea.- The Role of Giant Petrels in the Southern Ocean Ecosystem.- Diet and Energy Budget of the Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus gazella, at South Georgia.- Cephalopod Prey of the Sub-Antarctic Fur Seal, Arctocephalus tropicalis, at Gough Island.- The Role of the Leopard Seal in the Tropho-Dynamics of the Antarctic Marine Ecosystem.- Weddell Seal—Antarctic Cod Interactions in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica.- A Review of the Food Habits of the Small Cetaceans of the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic.- Energy Flow in the Southern Ocean Food Web.- 4. Terrestrial Food Webs.- Terrestrial Food Webs in the Sub-Antarctic: Island Effects.- Wind Transport of Electrostatically Charged Particles and Minute Organisms in Antarctica.- Succession in the Microflora of Leaves and Litter of Three Plant Species at Sub-Antarctic Macquarie Island.- Organization and Dynamics of Oligochaeta and Diptera on Possession Island.- Arthropod Interactions in an Antarctic Terrestrial Community.- The Feeding Ecology of a Decreasing Feral House Cat, Felis catus, Population at Marion Island.- 5. Interactions Between Marine, Freshwater, and Terrestrial Systems.- Interactions Between Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Organisms.- The Intertidal and Shallow Subtidal Food Web at Marion Island.- Durvillaea antarctica Production in Relation to Nutrient Cycling at Marion Island.- Impact of Fur Seals on the Terrestrial Environment at South Georgia.- Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Seabird Eggs from the Southern Atlantic and Indian Oceans.- Organochlorines and Heavy Metals in Seals and Birds from the Weddell Sea.- Metal Concentrations in Antarctic Zooplankton Species.- The Interaction of Soil and Lake Microflora at Signy Island.- Trends in Crabeater Seal Age at Maturity: An Insight into Antarctic Marine Interactions.- Summary and Conclusions.