Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed Food Analysis & Properties Series

An increasing number of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) continues to be produced every day. In response to the concerns raised by the development of GMOs and their incorporation in foods and feed, guidelines and regulations to govern and control the use of GMOs and their products have been enacted. These regulations necessitated the design of methods to detect and analyse the presence of GMOs or their products in agriculture produce, food and feed production chains. Design of techniques and instruments that would detect, identify, and quantify GM ingredients in food and feed will help inspection authorities to relay reliable information to consumers who might be concerned about the presence of GM ingredients. Information generated by detection of GMOs in food and feed would be helpful for setting regulations that govern the use of GM components as well as for labeling purposes.

Qualitative detection methods of GM-DNA sequences in foods and feeds have evolved fast during the past few years. There is continuous need for the development of more advanced multi-detection systems and for periodic updates of the databases related to these systems. Testing and Analysis of GMO-containing Foods and Feed presents updates and comprehensive views on the various methods and techniques in use today for the detection, identification and quantification of GMOs in foods and feed.

The eleven book chapters cover recent developments on sample preparation techniques, immunoassays methods and the PCR technique used in GMO analysis, the use of biosensors in relation to GMO analysis, the application of nucleic acid microarrays for the detection of GMOs, validation and standardization methods for GMO testing, in addition to the type of reference material and reference methods used in GMO testing and analysis. Some of the ISO standards designed for identifying and detecting the presence of GM material in foods are also presented in the book.

Contents

Preface ix

List of Contributors xiii

Author xv

Section 1 GMOs

Chapter 1 Genetically Modified Organisms 3

Salah E. O. Mahgoub

Section 2 SAMPLING

Chapter 2 Guidelines for Sample Preparation Procedures in

GMO Analysis 47

European Commission

Section 3 GMO TESTING METHODS

Chapter 3 Immunoassays (Protein-Based Methods) 91

Rajesh Kumar, Vishal Srivashtav, and Abhilasha Tripathi

Chapter 4 PCR Techniques for Detection and Quantification of GMOs 115

Frédéric Debode and Gilbert Berben

Chapter 5 Sensors 155

Beatriz López-Ruiz, Marta Sánchez-Paniagua López, and

Carmen Lorena Manzanares-Palenzuela

Chapter 6 The Application of Nucleic Acid Microarrays for the

Detection of Genetically Modified Organisms 205

Stuart J. Lucas

Chapter 7 Recent Developments in Detection Methods of Genetically

Modified Organisms 223

Leo M.L. Nollet

Section 4 VALIDATION AND STANDARDIZATION OF METHODS

Chapter 8 Verification of Analytical Methods for GMO Testing When

Implementing Interlaboratory Validated Methods 245

JRC Technical Report

Hougs Lotte, Francesco Gatto, O. Goerlich, Lutz Grohmann,

K. Lieske, Marco Mazzara, Frank Narendja, J. Ovesna, Nina

Papazova, I.M.J. Scholtens, Jana Zel

Chapter 9 Reference Materials for GMO Analysis 267

Leo M.L. Nollet

Chapter 10 ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 273

Leo M.L. Nollet

Chapter 11 Reference Methods for GMO Analysis 277

Leo M.L. Nollet

Index 283

Salah Eldin Osman Mahgoub is a Certified Food Scientist (CFS), Professional member of the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT,USA), and Fulbright scholar with international work experience. Has been a university professor in the university of Botswana, Botswana, university of Khartoum, Sudan and an adjunct professor at Kaplan University, USA. A critical thinker with proven experience in food science, food processing, genetically modified foods, functional foods and nutrition in relation to various consumer issues. An experienced researcher, team leader and effective team player, with proven track on developing products from the concept to the shelf and the impact on consumer preferences. Published 34 articles and conference proceedings in peer reviewed journals. Presented and participated in 42 conferences and workshops globally.

Leo M.L. Nollet, PhD, received an MS (1973) and PhD (1978) in biology from the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. He is an editor and associate editor of numerous books. He edited for M. Dekker, New York—now CRC Press of Taylor & Francis—the first, second, and third editions of the books entilted Food Analysis by HPLC and Handbook of Food Analysis. The last edition is a two volume book. He also edited the Handbook of Water Analysis (first, second, and third editions) and Chromatographic Analysis of the Environment, Third Edition (CRC Press). With F. Toldrá he coedited two books published in 2006 and 2007: Advanced Technologies for Meat Processing (CRC Press) and Advances in Food Diagnostics (Blackwell Publishing—now Wiley). With M.Poschl he coedited the book Radionuclide Concentrations in Foods and the Environment also published in 2006 (CRC Press). Dr. Nollet has also coedited with Y. H. Hui and other colleagues several books: Handbook of Food Product Manufacturing (Wiley,2007), Handbook of Food Science, Technology and Engineering (CRC Press, 2005), Food Biochemistry and Food Processing (first and second editions; Blac