Part 1. Sarcopenia and Obesity.- Sarcopenia – the concept and its definitions.- Defining sarcopenia .- Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Pediatric Bone.- Influence of sarcopenic and dynapenic obesity on musculoskeletal health and function in older adults.- Part 2. Protein.- Evidence for a Link between Dietary Protein and Bone & Muscle Health in Adults.- Dietary Protein, Exercise and Skeletal Muscle: Is There a Synergistic Effect in Older Adults and the Elderly?.- Part 3. Selected Nutrients.- The Use of Calcium for Phosphate Control in Chronic Kidney Disease.- Vitamin C and Bone Health.- Acid-Base Balance of the Diet – Implications for Bone.- Vitamin E homologues: current evidence.- Part 4. Bioactives.- Dietary Dried Plum Increases Peak Bone Mass.- Transgenerational Benefits of Soy Isoflavones to Bone Structure in the CD-1 Mouse Model.- A lignan-rich bioactive fraction of Sambucus williamsii Hance exerts oestrogen-like bone protective effects in aged ovariectomized rats and osteoblastic cells.- Prebiotics, Calcium Absorption, and Bone Health.-Prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and foods with regard to bone metabolism.- Part 5 Vitamin D and Calcium.- Predicting calcium requirements in children.- Assessment of vitamin D status.- Vitamin D in Obesity and Weight Loss.-Vitamin D and Fall Prevention – An Update.- After vitamin D supplementation there is an increase in serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D but no evidence of a threshold response in calcium absorption.- Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Bone Health: Ancillary Studies in the VITAL Randomized Controlled Trial.- Vitamin D, Exercise, and Health.- Part 6. Dairy.- The potential role of dairy foods in fracture prevention in elderly in aged-care.- Clinical Trial of Dairy in Adolescent Girls: Effect on Bone Accrual.- Part 7. Nutrition, Bone and Special Conditions.- Intestinal Calcium Absorption and Skeletal Health After Bariatric Surgery.- Nutrition, Adolescent Pregnancy and Bone.- Part 8. Recommendations.- Lifestyle Factors That Affect Peak Bone Mass Accrual.- Fracture prevention recommendations for long term care.- Promotion of Bone Friendly Nutrition.