Bio-Nanotechnology A Revolution in Food, Biomedical and Health Sciences Hui: Food Science and Technology Series

Bio-nanotechnology is the key functional technology of the 21st century. It is a fusion of biology and nanotechnology based on the principles and chemical pathways of living organisms, and refers to the functional applications of biomolecules in nanotechnology. It encompasses the study, creation, and illumination of the connections between structural molecular biology, nutrition and nanotechnology, since the development of techniques of nanotechnology might be guided by studying the structure and function of the natural nano-molecules found in living cells. Biology offers a window into the most sophisticated collection of functional nanostructures that exists.

This book is a comprehensive review of the state of the art in bio-nanotechnology with an emphasis on the diverse applications in food and nutrition sciences, biomedicine, agriculture and other fields. It describes in detail the currently available methods and contains numerous references to the primary literature, making this the perfect ?field guide? for scientists who want to explore the fascinating world of bio-nanotechnology. Safety issues regarding these new technologies are examined in detail.

The book is divided into nine sections ? an introductory section, plus:

• Nanotechnology in nutrition and medicine
• Nanotechnology, health and food technology applications
• Nanotechnology and other versatile applications
• Nanomaterial manufacturing
• Applications of microscopy and magnetic resonance in nanotechnology
• Applications in enhancing bioavailability and controlling pathogens
• Safety, toxicology and regulatory aspects
• Future directions of bio-nanotechnology

The book will be of interest to a diverse range of readers in industry, research and academia, including biologists, biochemists, food scientists, nutritionists and health professionals.

Foreword xi

Preface xii

Contributors xv

PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 1 Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials: An Overview 3
Sunil K. Singh, Paresh P. Kulkarni, Debabrata Dash

Chapter 2 The Challenge of Nanotechnology-Derived Food: Addressing the Concerns of the Public 33
Tomiko Yamaguchi

Chapter 3 Nanotechnology and Public Health: Contributions, Promises, and Premises 47
Masami Matsuda, Ayako Goto, Toshio Ogino, Yoshiaki Tanaka

PART 2 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN NUTRITION AND MEDICINE 67

Chapter 4 Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Research: Focus on Bio-Functionalization, Biosynthesis, and Biomedical Applications 69
Murugan Veerapandian, Sathya Sadhasivam, Ramesh Subbiah, Kyusik Yun

Chapter 5 An Overview of Nanoparticle-Assisted Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology 97
Cenchao Shen, Zhizhou Zhang

Chapter 6 A Revolution in Nanomedicines 107
Iulian Bobe, Mitsunori Harada, Ichiro Nakatomi

Chapter 7 Nanotechnology for Regenerative Medicine 124
Yoshikazu Kumashiro, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano

PART 3 NANOTECHNOLOGY, HUMAN HEALTH AND APPLICATIONS 141

Chapter 8 Novel Technologies for the Production of Functional Foods 143
Jack Appiah Ofori, Yun-Hwa Peggy Hsieh

Chapter 9 Nanomedicine: The Revolution of the Big Future with Tiny Medicine 163
Danny D. Meetoo

Chapter 10 Application of γ-Cyclodextrin in Nanomedicinal Foods and Cosmetics 179
Yukiko Uekaji, Ayako Jo, Akihito Urano, Keiji Terao

Chapter 11 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications 212
Maurizio Avella, Roberto Avolio, Emilia Di Pace, Maria Emanuela Errico, Gennaro Gentile, Maria Grazia Volpe

Chapter 12 Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery Systems: Using Nano/Microbubbles or Bubble Liposomes 227
Kazuo Maruyama, Ryo Suzuki, Yusuke Oda, Yoko Endo-Takahashi, Yoichi Negishi

Chapter 13 Nanoprobes and Quantum Dots: Employing Nanotechnology to Watch Biology 246
Shampa Chatterjee

Chapter 14 Enhanced Optical Biosensors Based on Nanoplasmonics 252
Kyujung Kim, Youngjin Oh, Donghyun Kim

Chapter 15 Nano-Biosensors for Mimicking Gustatory and Olfactory Senses 270
Kiyoshi Toko, Takeshi Onodera, Yusuke Tahara

Chapter 16 Nanoparticles Inducing Simultaneous Bioreaction in Living Organisms: Critical Sizes for Transition of Biointeractive Behavior 292
Fumio Watari

Chapter 17 Analysis of Immunological Reactions to Nanoscale Foods: Possible Occurrence of Allergic Reaction to Nanoscale Food Particles 304
Eisuke F. Sato, Maki Hashimoto, Masayasu Inoue

Chapter 18 An Overview of Green Nanotechnology 311
Kelvii Wei Guo

Chapter 19 Characterization of Biopolymer and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Activity 355
Jong-Whan Rhim

Chapter 20 Nanotechnology and its Use in Agriculture 383
Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque, M. Carmen Hermosín

Chapter 21 Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles with Steroids: A Review 399
Megumu Higaki

Chapter 22 Nanocomposites for Food Packaging: An Overview 406
Tie Lan

Chapter 23 Nanotechnology in Cosmetic Products 414
Howard A. Epstein, Alexander Kielbassa

Chapter 24 Potential Medical Applications of Fullerenes: An Overview 424
Seema Thakral, Naveen Kumar Thakral

PART 4 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND OTHER VERSATILE DIVERSE APPLICATIONS 443

Chapter 25 Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 445
Sunil K. Singh, Paresh P. Kulkarni, Debabrata Dash

Chapter 26 Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application to Nanotechnology 464
Wojtek Tutak, Sara Reynaud, Rajen B. Patel

Chapter 27 Characterization of Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles as Emulsifi ers 476
Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Yoshihiro Saito, Debasis Bagchi

Chapter 28 Application of Poly(γ -Glutamic Acid)-Based Nanoparticles as Antigen Delivery Carriers in Cancer Immunotherapy 487
Kazuhiko Matsuo, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa

Chapter 29 Basic Characterization of Nanobubbles and Their Potential Applications 506
Seiichi Oshita, Tsutomu Uchida

PART 5 NANOMATERIAL MANUFACTURING 517

Chapter 30 Formulation and Characterization of Nanodispersions Composed of Dietary Materials for the Delivery of Bioactive Substances 519
Takashi Kuroiwa, Jun Watanabe, Sosaku Ichikawa

Chapter 31 Production of Nanoscale Foods Using High-Pressure Emulsifi cation Technology 531
Kazuyuki Takagi

Chapter 32 Production of Monodisperse Fine Dispersions by Microchannel/Nanochannel Emulsification 542
Isao Kobayashi, Marcos A. Neves, Sosaku Ichikawa, Takashi Kuroiwa

PART 6 APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR MAGNETICRESONANCE IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 557

Chapter 33 Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy in Food Nanotechnology 559
Hiroshi Muramatsu, Junichi Wakayama, Kazumi Tsukamoto, Shigeru Sugiyama

Chapter 34 Applications of NMR to Biomolecular Systems of Interactions: An Overview 573
Shinya Hanashima, Yoshiki Yamaguchi

PART 7 APPLICATIONS IN ENHANCING BIOAVAILABILITY ANDCONTROLLING PATHOGENS 593

Chapter 35 Bioavailability and Delivery of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Using Nanotechnology 595
Hailong Yu, Qingrong Huang

Chapter 36 Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds in Micron/Submicron-Sized Dispersions Using Microchannel Emulsifi cation or High-Pressure Homogenization 605
Marcos A. Neves, Isao Kobayashi, Henelyta S. Ribeiro, Katerina B. Fujiu

Chapter 37 Nanometric-Size Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds for the Nutraceutical and Food Industries 619
Francesco Donsì, Mariarenata Sessa, Giovanna Ferrari

Chapter 38 Nanoemulsion Technology for Delivery of Nutraceuticals and Functional-Food Ingredients 667
Luz Sanguansri, Christine M. Oliver, Fernando Leal-Calderon

Chapter 39 Nanotechnology and Nonpolar Active Compounds in Functional Foods: An Application Note 697
Philip J. Bromley

PART 8 SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS 705

Chapter 40 How Standards Inform the Regulation of Bio-nanotechnology 707
Martha E. Marrapese

Chapter 41 FDA and Nanotech: Baby Steps Lead to Regulatory Uncertainty 720
Raj Bawa

Chapter 42 Toxicity and Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials: An Update 733
Paresh C. Ray, Anant Kumar Singh, Dulal Senapati, Zhen Fan, Hongtao Yu

Chapter 43 Nanoparticle–Lung Interactions and Their Potential Consequences for Human Health 749
Craig A. Poland, Martin J. D. Clift

PART 9 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN BIO-NANOTECHNOLOGY 777

Chapter 44 Bio-Nanotechnology: A Journey Back to the Future 779
Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Fereidoon Shahidi

Index 783

Colour plate section 1 falls between pages 254 and 255

Colour plate section 2 falls between pages 574 and 575

Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MAC N, CNS, MAIC hE, University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, USA

Manashi Bagchi, PhD, FAC N, NutriToday LLC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Hiroyoshi Moriyama, PhD, FAC N, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan

Fereidoon Shahidi, PhD, FAC S, FAOC S, FCIC , FCI FST, FIA FoST, FIFT, FRSC, Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada