The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids: Volume 2, 2012 North of Florida and Mexico

Recent studies have revealed remarkable complexity and diversity in orchid-pollinator relationships. These studies comprise a vast literature currently scattered in numerous, often obscure, journals and books. The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids brings together, for the first time, a comprehensive treatment of this information for all native and introduced North American orchids found north of Mexico and Florida. It provides detailed information on genetic compatibility, breeding systems, pollinators, pollination mechanisms, fruiting success, and limiting factors for each species. Distribution, habitat, and floral morphology are also summarized. In addition, detailed line drawings emphasize orchid reproductive organs and their adaptation to known pollinators.

This, the second of two volumes, treats the subfamily Orchidoideae with the tribe Cranichideae. This is followed by examination of the seven North American tribes of subfamily Epidendroideae and the single North American tribe of subfamily Vanilloideae.

The Pollination Biology of North American Orchids will be of interest to both regional and international audiences including:

• Researchers and students in this field of study who are currently required to search through the scattered literature to obtain the information gathered here.
• Researchers and students in related fields with an interest in the co-evolution of plants and insects.
• Conservation specialists who need to understand both the details of orchid reproduction and the identity of primary pollinators in order to properly manage the land for both.
• Orchid breeders who require accurate and current information on orchid breeding systems.
• General readers with an interest in orchid biology.

Charles Argue, Ph.D., is a plant biologist at the University of Minnesota specializing in the study of pollen grains. His articles have appeared in numerous journals including the American Journal of Botany, International Journal of Plant Sciences (formerly Botanical Gazette), Botany (formerly Canadian Journal of Botany), Grana, Pollen et Spores, North American Native Orchid Journal, The Native Orchid Conference Journal, Fremontia, and as chapters in a number of books.

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Section I. Subfamily Orchidoideae (Part two)

Tribe Cranichideae

Chapter 1. Subtribes Goodyrinae and Cranichidinae

   Goodyerinae

      Goodyera R. Brown (rattlesnake plantains)

   Other Goodyrinae

       Zeuxine Lindley

       Platythelys Garay

   Cranichidinae

       Ponthieva R. Brown  

Chapter 2. Subtribe Spiranthinae

                        Spiranthes Richard (ladies’- tresses)

                          Asexual species or populations

                          Sexual species or populations

                          Additional species of Spiranthes

                    Other Spiranthinae

                        Dichromanthus Garay

   Deiregyne Schlechter

      Microthelys Garay

Section II. Subfamily Epidendroideae

Chapter 3. Tribe Neottieae

      Listera R. Brown

        Listera cordata (L.) R. Brown (heart-leaved twayblade)

        Additional species of Listera 

    Other Neottieae

      Cephalanthera Richard

         Cephalanthera austinae (A. Gray) A. Heller (phantom orchid, snow orchid)

      Epipactis Zinn

         Epipactis gigantea Douglas ex Hooker (giant helleborine, stream orchid)

         Epipactis helleborine (L.) Crantz (broad-leaved helleborine)

         Additional species of Epipactis

Chapter 4. Tribe Triphoreae

      Triphora Nuttall

        Triphora trianthophora (Swartz) Rydberg (three birds orchid, nodding                     

         pogonia)

Chapter 5. Tribe Malaxideae

      Malaxis Solander ex Swartz

        Malaxis paludosa (L.) Swartz (bog adder’s-mouth)

           (= Hammarbya paludosa (L.) Kuntze)

        Additional species of Malaxis

      Liparis Richard

        Liparis liliifolia (L.) Richard ex Lindley (lily-leaved twayblade or large

         twayblade)

        Liparis loeselii (L.) Richard (loesel’s twayblade or fen orchid)

Chapter 6. Tribe Calypsoeae

     Calypso Salisbury

        Calypso bulbosa (L.) Oakes (calypso, fairy slipper)

     Tipularia Nuttall

       Tipularia discolor (Pursh) Nuttall (crane-fly orchid)

     Corallorhiza Gagnebin (coral roots)

        Additional species and varieties of Corallorhiza

     Aplectrum Nuttall

       Aplectrum hyemale (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Nuttall (adam and eve orchid,          

       putty-root)

 Chapter 7. Tribes Cymbidieae and Epidendreae

   Cymbidieae  

     Eulophia R. Brown ex Lindley

   Epidendreae

     Epidendrum L.

     Hexalectris Rafinesque

Chapter 8 Tribe Arethuseae (Calopogon R. Brown and Arethusa L.) and subfamily Vanilloideae (part one) (Pogonia Jussieu)

     Arethusa bulbosa L. (dragon’s-mouth), Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker 

     Gawler (rose pogonia), and Calopogon tuberosus (L.) Britton, Sterns, and 

      Poggenburg (grass-pink)

         Additional species of Calopogon

Section III. Subfamily Vanilloideae (part two)

Chapter 9. Tribe Pogonieae

     Isotria Rafinesque

       Isotria verticillata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Rafinesque (large whorled

       pogonia) and I. medeoloides (Pursh) Rafinesque (small whorled pogonia)     

    Cleistesiopsis Pansarin and Barros

       Cleistesiopsis divaricata (L.) Pansarin and Barros (spreading pogonia) and

       C. bifaria (Fernald) Pansarin and Barros (smaller spreading pogonia)

Glossary

Volume 2 contains three parts, Orchidoideae subgroups, Spiranthinae, Goodyerinae, and Cranichidinae; Epidendroideae subgroups, the Neottieae, Triphoreae, Malaxideae, Calypsoeae, Cymbidieae, Epidendreae, and Arethuseae; and Vanilloideae tribe Pogonieae

Each part includes both an introductory section for each of the larger genera and a review of individual species within each genus

The treatment of species or groups of closely related species has the same format and consists of five parts

Includes supplementary material: sn.pub/extras