Horticultural Reviews, Volume 48 Horticultural Reviews Series

Horticultural Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on topics in horticultural science and technology covering both basic and applied research. Topics covered include the horticulture of fruits, vegetables, nut crops, and ornamentals. These review articles, written by world authorities, bridge the gap between the specialized researcher and the broader community of horticultural scientists and teachers.

Contributors ix

Dedication: Gregory L. Reighard xiii
Juan Carlos Melgar, Ksenija Gasic and Ian Warrington

1. Pollination-Induced Changes in the Morphology and Physiology of Dendrobium Orchid Flowers Prior toFertilization: The Roles of Ethylene and Auxin 1

Wouter G. van Doorn and Saichol Ketsa

I. Introduction 2

II. Orchid Flower Structure 3

III. Post-Pollination Effects in Orchids other than Dendrobium 5

IV. Role of Hormones in Orchids other than Dendrobium 6

V. Pollination in Dendrobium 8

VI. Visible Post-Pollination Effects in Dendrobium 13

VII. Role of Hormones in the Visible Post-Pollination Phenomena in Dendrobium 21

VIII. Conclusions 31

Acknowledgment 31

Literature Cited 32

2. Actinidia arguta (Kiwiberry): Botany, Production, Genetics, Nutritional Value, and Postharvest Handling 37
Piotr Latocha, Filip Debersaques and Iago Hale

I. Introduction 39

II. Botany 41

III. Cultivation and Management 54

IV Genetics and Breeding 84

V. Chemical Composition, Nutritional Value, and Health Benefits 105

VI. Harvesting and Postharvest Handling 119

VII. Utilization 128

VIII. Conclusions 131

Literature Cited 133

3. Advances in Cassava-Based Multiple-Cropping Systems 153
V. Ravi, G. Suja, R. Saravanan and Sanket J. More

I. Introduction 156

II. Intercropping Cassava 170

III. Crop Rotation Involving Cassava 206

IV. Cassava-Based Sequential/Intercropping Systems Involving Pulses and/or Rice 208

V. Cassava + Plantation Crops 209

VI. Pests and Diseases in Cassava-Based Intercropping 212

VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 214

Literature Cited 219

4. Arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea L.): Botany, Horticulture, and Uses 233
Vitor Brito, Renata Nascimento, Jeniffer Narcisa-Oliveira, Nathalia Joffer, André Fattori, Marney Cereda, Carina Oliveira, Reginaldo Costa, Lorene Tiburtino-Silva and Josemar Maciel

I. Introduction 234

II. Occurrence and Distribution 236

III. Botany: Taxonomy, Morphology, and Genetics 238

IV. Horticultural Aspects 248

V. Processing 252

VI. Uses and Applications 253

VII. Conclusions 264

Acknowledgment 264

Literature Cited 265

5. Jamun (Syzygium cumini L. Skeels): A Promising Fruit for the Future 275
Babak Madani, Amin Mirshekari, Elhadi M. Yahia, John B. Golding, Shokrollah Hajivand and Abdolmajid Mirzaalian Dastjerdy

I. Introduction 276

II. Economic Significance 277

III. Botany, Taxonomy, and Genetics 278

IV. Cultivation Practices 281

V. Nutritional Value 286

VI. Health-Promoting Effects 289

VII. Postharvest Practices 290

VIII. Processing 297

IX. Conclusions 299

Literature Cited 300

6. Coconut Micropropagation and Cryopreservation 307
Ana S. Lédo and Wagner A. Vendrame

I. Introduction 309

II. In Vitro Propagation Technology 311

III. Bioreactor Technology 320

IV. Cryopreservation 322

V. Summary and Conclusions 330

Literature Cited 33

7. The Puzzling Phenomenon of Seedling Yellows Recovery and Natural Spread of Asymptomatic Infections of Citrus Tristeza Virus: Two Sides of the Same Coin 339
Moshe Bar-Joseph, Antonino F. Catara and Grazia Licciardello

I. Introduction 341

II. The CTV Genome and Biology 341

III. A Short Account of the Israeli CTV Suppression Program (1970–1986) 343

IV. Comparisons of Severe and Mild CTV-VT Isolates From Sicily 347

V. Discussion 352

Acknowledgments 356

Literature Cited 357

8. Yield Alternation: Horticulture, Physiology, Molecular Biology, and Evolution 363
Eliezer E. Goldschmidt and Avi Sadka

I. Introduction 365

II. Molecular Mechanisms of Flowering Control in Model Plants and Fruit Trees 366

III. Effect of Fruit Load on Changes in Gene Expression, Protein, and Metabolite Levels in Leaves and Buds 377

IV. The Effect of Fruit Load on Hormone Homeostasis 381

V. Mitigation of Alternate Bearing 385

VI. Discussion 393

Acknowledgment 402

Literature Cited 402

Subject Index 419

Cumulative Subject Index 421

Cumulative Contributor Index 455

Professor Ian James Warrington CNZM is a Palmerston North horticultural scientist and science administrator. He was former chief executive of HortResearch (now Plant & Food Research). He was a senior administrator at Massey University until his position was axed in a cost-saving move. He received the T. K. Sidey Medal in 1984, an award set up by the Royal Society of New Zealand for outstanding scientific research. He was appointed a Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (CNZM) in the 2011 New Year Honours.