ABC of Major Trauma (5^th Ed.) Rescue, Resuscitation with Imaging, and Rehabilitation ABC Series

An authoritative overview of the management and treatment of major trauma patients

In the newly revised, and substantially expanded, Fifth Edition of ABC of Major Trauma, an eminent team of leading trauma specialists delivers a comprehensive, up-to-date, referenced overview of the emergency treatment of patients suffering from major trauma.

Covering all aspects of the management of injured patients during the initial, crucial hours after injury, the scope of the book has developed to include imaging appendices for many chapters. The editors have included resources that discuss general considerations for typical trauma cases, as well as the numerous atypical patients including children, the elderly and those who are pregnant. Hyperlinks are now also included throughout the book which enable the reader to refer to continuously updated guidelines.

The book also offers:

• A thorough introduction to the development and organisation of trauma services, including pre-hospital care and major incidents.
• A guide to the modern trauma team personnel from airway doctor, to trauma nurse, to trauma team leader, while describing the technical and non-technical skills required for the ABCDE of trauma resuscitation, imaging and the subsequent transfer of the patient.
• Specialist chapters on ballistic trauma, chemical contamination and burns as well as the management of trauma in specialist patient groups including paediatrics, pregnancy, and the elderly.
• A new and vital chapter on rehabilitation as well an expansion of the measurement of trauma outcomes to include disability and a discussion on how such audits can drive further improvement.

Perfect for all those involved in the care of the trauma patient, including nurses, physician associates, hospital doctors, paramedics and pre-hospital teams, the ABC of Major Trauma is a one-stop referenced guide to the care of such patients from the site of injury to maximal recovery.

About the ABC series

The ABC series has been designed to help you access information quickly and deliver the best patient care, and remains an essential reference tool for GPs, junior doctors, medical students and healthcare professionals.

Now offering over 80 titles, this extensive series provides you with a quick and dependable reference on a range of topics in all the major specialties.

The ABC series is the essential and dependable source of up-to-date information for all practitioners and students in primary healthcare.

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Contributors x

Foreword xiv

Preface xv

Acknowledgements xvi

Abbreviations xvii

About the companion website xx

How to use your textbook xxi

Section I General circumstances 1

1 The development and organisation of trauma services 3
David Bramley, Peter N. Goode, Michael Hüpfl and Brian Burns

2 Pre- hospital trauma care 13
John J. M. Black and Jonathan Howes

3 Initial assessment and resuscitation of the trauma patient 30
Peter N. Goode, David V. Skinner, Peter A. Driscoll, Ed Norris- Cervetto and Jon Walker

4 Role of the trauma nurse 55
Rob Way

5 Airway management in trauma 64
Luke Armstrong and Liza Keating

6 Thoracic trauma 74
Peter N. Goode, Dion Arbid, Peter A. Driscoll, Sion Barnard and Robert D. Jarman

7 Shock and hypovolaemia following trauma 104
Ashley Clews, Fiona Lecky and Peter A. Driscoll

8 Head trauma 115
Peter N. Goode, Alan C. Sweenie, Christopher J. A. Cowie and Helen E. Hastie

9 Maxillofacial trauma 137
Steve R. Watt- Smith, Sarah J. Wilson and Karen A. Eley

10 Eye trauma 151
Peter S. Phelan Copyrighted Material

11 Ear, nose and throat trauma 158
Paul Counter

12 Abdominal trauma 167
Thomas Hughes, Ben Bloom and Peter A. Driscoll

13 Urinary tract trauma 185
Alexander West, John Piedad, Lara Hemsworth and Nikhil Vasdev

14 Pelvic trauma 194
Al Mountain, Simon Scott and James Shelton

15 Musculoskeletal trauma 209
Paul V. Fearon, Steven Aldridge and Lee Hoggett

16 Acute spinal injury 225
Nick Todd

17 Early imaging in trauma and interventional radiology 250
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

18 Psychological trauma 259
P. Amos Simms

19 Supporting distressed relatives and breaking bad news 267
Chris A. J. McLauchlan

20 Transfer of the trauma patient 276
Charles Lee

21 Rehabilitation of patients with major trauma 289
Laura Graham

Section II Special circumstances 299

22 Paediatric trauma 301
Julie Grice, Jacqueline Hardcastle, Sarah Stibbards and Mike Schofield

23 Trauma in pregnancy 332
Rebecca S. Black, Deborah J. Harrington, Rosamunde Burns, R. John Elton, Kyle Gibson, Brigid Hayden, Audrey Jeffrey, Dean Kerslake, Darren Walter, Arlene Wise and Kara Dent

24 Trauma in the older person 346
Charlotte Bates, Laurence Chuter and Jackie Gregson

25 Medical problems in trauma 358
Thomas Hughes

26 Management of severe burn 368
Sarah Pape and Angela J. Sollars

27 Chemical incidents and secondary contamination risks 383
Lorraine Stewart

28 Blade, ballistic and blast trauma 393
Peter F. Mahoney, John- Joe Reilly and Nabeela S. Malik

29 Major incidents. Part 1: The emergency services’ response at the scene 403
John J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and James Amos

30 Major incidents. Part 2: The hospital’s response 419
John J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and Peter A. Driscoll

31 Trauma systems in low- and middle- income countries 432
Anthony D. Redmond

Section III Quality improvement in trauma care 437

32 Non- technical skill factors in trauma management 439
Laura Duffy, Peter N. Goode and Peter A. Driscoll

33 Evaluating the effectiveness of trauma care 450
Antoinette Edwards, Laura White and Fiona Lecky

Imaging appendices

A3 Initial assessment and management of the trauma patient. Imaging appendix: computed tomography overview 50
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A6 Thoracic trauma imaging appendix 95
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A8 Head trauma imaging appendix 127
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A12 Abdominal trauma imaging appendix 178
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A14 Pelvic trauma imaging appendix 202
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A15 Musculoskeletal trauma imaging appendix 220
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A16 Spinal trauma imaging appendix 239
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

A22 Paediatric trauma imaging appendix 320
Joshua Lauder, Vivian Tang and Peter A. Driscoll

Accompanying website chapters

W2 Adult and paediatric pre-hospital equipment check list
Charles Lee

W3 Initial assessment and management of the trauma patient: the trauma team leader’s assessment of the whole-body computed tomography
Alex Valkov, Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

W6 Thoracic trauma
Peter N. Goode, Dion Arbid, Peter A. Driscoll, Sion Barnard and Robert D. Jarman

W13 Urinary tract trauma
Alexander West, John Piedad, Lara Hemsworth and Nikhil Vasdev

W14 Pelvic trauma
Alistair Mountain, Simon Scott and James Shelton

W15 Musculoskeletal trauma
Paul V. Fearon, Steven Aldridge and Lee Hoggett

W17 Early imaging in trauma and interventional radiology
Joshua Lauder and Peter A. Driscoll

W21 Rehabilitation of patients with major trauma
Laura Graham

W22 Paediatric trauma
Julie Grice, Jacqueline Hardcastle, Sarah Stibbards and Mike Schofield

W28 Blade, ballistic and blast trauma
Peter F. Mahoney, John-Joe Reilly and Nabeela S. Malik

W29 Major incidents. Part 1: The emergency services’ response
Christian Cooper and John J. M. Black

W30 Major incidents. Part 2: The hospital’s response
John J. M. Black, Lizle Blom and James Amos

Index 455

Peter A. Driscoll, Professor and lead for Clinical Anatomy, UCLan, UK. He was previously a Professor, Royal College of Emergency Medicine; Director of the Physician Associate programme, UCLan. Co-founder of the European Trauma Course and the Advanced Life Support Group. Editor and author of several publications and books dealing with various aspects of emergency care and trauma management.

David V. Skinner, an author and editor of all editions of the book, now retired, but retaining a strong interest in the development of the care of the injured patient. Previously a Consultant in Emergency Medicine (London and Oxford), Dean of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, Chair of the ATLS committee (1988-92) and Project executive team Chairman, NICE (responsible for the development and publication of five trauma guidelines (2016)).

Peter N. Goode, Consultant in Emergency Medicine, North Cumbria University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK. He was formerly a Consultant in Emergency Medicine, Major Trauma Centre Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, while also being a Lead Clinician for the development of the Northern Trauma Network and MTCs in Northeast England and former External Assessor for the Clinical Standards Panel of the Great North Air Ambulance. Member of the ETC development group, former Chair of the ETC education group, Vice Chair of ETC UK and co-editor of the fourth edition of the ETC Course Manual.